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paper ct residuals

R Software Module: rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)
Title produced by software: Central Tendency
Date of computation: Tue, 11 Dec 2007 04:14:35 -0700
 
Cite this page as follows:
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2007/Dec/11/t11973708070331hxbjidbp29x.htm/, Retrieved Tue, 11 Dec 2007 12:00:10 +0100
 
User-defined keywords:
paper ct residuals
 
Dataseries X:
» Textbox « » Textfile « » CSV «
0.0941985320320626 0.653503812757776 -1.53391896500750 -3.36057793208943 10.5123096036122 -1.01581457573704 -2.67820603570839 -9.74826523524703 3.63711950635251 9.50223910169676 -0.328071065750664 -0.99090283824161 3.15955488055449 4.274504946209 -2.96994671532128 -7.49489553709745 0.326324458907605 -2.56567975939718 4.06810804201443 5.30985531157956 -8.08565126748348 5.28645116189662 7.37889520393211 -6.11905687839581 -3.37762220941437 -8.60601896334157 2.58282247115929 10.0203248408892 7.07928930610679 -2.75364586230294 3.41775084223743 -1.59740992982799 0.64919709507294 2.86097471341661 -3.51941245730982 5.64985077275929 4.3083362367212 -4.39107605256271 -5.85155663863847 -5.47131236424465 -2.29984941727564 -0.144024631394743 8.08067861936608 -7.42975884662829 0.0227113802409349 -2.47026516439664 -2.11466659014063 7.8747637202872 4.65851639094002 3.60426918741376 -3.64324288209951 7.25784133565925 -7.62087973892363 13.8299693619635 1.28408834041515 -0.320572241143239 -2.89707141277690 4.92335970737777 11.9868131228538 10.0627280987577 -2.21884745321978 3.97445806945834 0.560126237823582 3.34160376915877 -2.85636766640084 4.38042429228536 1.43160354600064 -0.489188992828318 -1.23442104165709
 
Text written by user:
 
Output produced by software:


Summary of compuational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time1 seconds
R Server'Gwilym Jenkins' @ 72.249.127.135


Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data
MeasureValueS.E.Value/S.E.
Arithmetic Mean0.8673531689551460.6398439279179751.35556989933073
Geometric MeanNaN
Harmonic Mean1.57428507314032
Quadratic Mean5.3471037639132
Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 23 )0.8571950534884180.6285284474553341.36381265948879
Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 23 )0.8295389426657080.6147280054193741.34944062309279
Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 23 )0.8301993784789840.606046609033681.36986061155050
Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 23 )0.8350446505924730.6040069210471081.38250841421624
Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 23 )0.8022222557574520.5948112114070281.34870063033915
Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 23 )0.7925823849663040.5471327871070441.44861065474996
Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 23 )0.7988301731510760.5380791795262561.48459595454780
Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 23 )0.7854244639381750.5192341247142421.51265956252477
Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 23 )0.9105352174263160.4925947401542621.84844689397449
Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 23 )0.9930397306017850.4712521156611312.10723665231428
Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 23 )0.7848993074983660.4275317094568971.835885596639
Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 23 )0.750428835622840.4141623976786891.81191928535489
Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 23 )0.7492305988017670.4129789238043921.81421025533168
Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 23 )0.7548183766494510.3898565304579981.93614398548795
Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 23 )0.713086199716110.3786941501503111.88301350689751
Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 23 )0.6580396252746950.3676260104223711.78997025950004
Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 23 )0.6655870705656170.3614479618916311.84144646184275
Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 23 )0.6764414712827520.3574135218039451.89260179040961
Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 23 )0.6505930375177680.3447994902025691.88687354826292
Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 23 )0.6511045222842750.3370729995186291.93164247274066
Winsorized Mean ( 21 / 23 )0.6003019261149790.3153135742785281.90382519207597
Winsorized Mean ( 22 / 23 )0.6156546245581160.3103490088102681.98374928574203
Winsorized Mean ( 23 / 23 )0.588208797192390.2969327329992681.98094966240667
Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 23 )0.832323351211770.6090124791326281.36667700536644
Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 23 )0.8059210826411750.5855948523453911.37624345469115
Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 23 )0.792987492627740.5664425692859181.39994332281102
Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 23 )0.7789567815690760.5473570129590281.42312378050664
Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 23 )0.7625582096935910.5248526884112661.45289950214766
Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 23 )0.7529553353833930.500362707377841.50481905282124
Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 23 )0.7446696795615110.4848667162553711.53582346363677
Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 23 )0.73459670366480.4680970436526511.56932566361155
Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 23 )0.7260008324420970.4521047627398331.60582434045243
Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 23 )0.6971281055398040.4385381088846611.58966368353441
Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 23 )0.6971281055398040.4261714337974341.635792665238
Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 23 )0.6353953873776360.4206029179867571.51067755406690
Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 23 )0.6200130076704290.4158477662060771.49096149614322
Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 23 )0.6032850268297870.4092514064649641.47411839592892
Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 23 )0.5841352078965330.4051231283665331.44187079679154
Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 23 )0.5681034629676120.4012966848950321.41566946439194
Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 23 )0.5570220429690610.3977234549672191.40052600874387
Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 23 )0.5436691251363290.393122856040351.38294967281304
Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 23 )0.5272510393225240.3864536316861461.36433195626099
Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 23 )0.5118053081510690.3792352834860111.34957196874312
Trimmed Mean ( 21 / 23 )0.4940059641229370.3695883798349591.33663824696961
Trimmed Mean ( 22 / 23 )0.4940059641229370.3610180526772081.36836914514254
Trimmed Mean ( 23 / 23 )0.4615421394803680.347628183727981.32768906862145
Median0.0941985320320626
Midrange2.04085206335823
Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp0.446689272564586
Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p0.557022042969061
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function0.557022042969061
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging0.557022042969061
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation0.557022042969061
Midmean - Closest Observation0.46220566215323
Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit0.557022042969061
Midmean - MS Excel (old versions)0.557022042969061
Number of observations69
 
Charts produced by software:
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Dec/11/t11973708070331hxbjidbp29x/1nvr81197371672.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Dec/11/t11973708070331hxbjidbp29x/1nvr81197371672.ps (open in new window)


http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Dec/11/t11973708070331hxbjidbp29x/291u11197371672.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Dec/11/t11973708070331hxbjidbp29x/291u11197371672.ps (open in new window)


 
Parameters:
 
R code (references can be found in the software module):
geomean <- function(x) {
return(exp(mean(log(x))))
}
harmean <- function(x) {
return(1/mean(1/x))
}
quamean <- function(x) {
return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
}
winmean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
}
return(win)
}
trimean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
}
return(tri)
}
midrange <- function(x) {
return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
}
q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p;
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n-1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
}
}
q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p+0.5
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- data[i]
}
q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
}
}
q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
if (f == 0.5) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
if (f < 0.5) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
}
}
midmean <- function(x,def) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
if (def==1) {
qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==2) {
qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==3) {
qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==4) {
qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==5) {
qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==6) {
qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==7) {
qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==8) {
qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
midm <- 0
myn <- 0
roundno4 <- round(n/4)
round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
for (i in 1:n) {
if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
midm = midm + x[i]
myn = myn + 1
}
}
midm = midm / myn
return(midm)
}
(arm <- mean(x))
sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
(armose <- arm / armse)
(geo <- geomean(x))
(har <- harmean(x))
(qua <- quamean(x))
(win <- winmean(x))
(tri <- trimean(x))
(midr <- midrange(x))
midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
midm
bitmap(file='test1.png')
lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,arm)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))
a<-table.element(a,armose)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,geo)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,har)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,qua)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,median(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midr)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[1])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[2])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[3])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[4])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[5])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[6])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[7])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[8])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,length(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
 





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Software written by Ed van Stee & Patrick Wessa


Disclaimer

Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.


Privacy Policy

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.


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