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Q6 Central tendency

*The author of this computation has been verified*
R Software Module: rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)
Title produced by software: Central Tendency
Date of computation: Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:49:05 -0600
 
Cite this page as follows:
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje.htm/, Retrieved Sat, 01 Nov 2008 10:50:14 +0000
 
BibTeX entries for LaTeX users:
@Manual{KEY,
    author = {{YOUR NAME}},
    publisher = {Office for Research Development and Education},
    title = {Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje.htm/},
    year = {2008},
}
@Manual{R,
    title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
    author = {{R Development Core Team}},
    organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
    address = {Vienna, Austria},
    year = {2008},
    note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
    url = {http://www.R-project.org},
}
 
Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)
 
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Original text written by user:
 
IsPrivate?
No (this computation is public)
 
User-defined keywords:
 
Dataseries X:
» Textbox « » Textfile « » CSV «
0.989130 0.919087 0.925417 0.925612 1.066667 0.851109 1.030693 0.989031 0.913001 0.792723 0.978170 0.987513 0.909434 0.883608 0.827451 0.825215 1.023256 0.815418 1.026193 0.914742 0.807276 0.739130 0.989733 0.972165 0.853890 0.856865 0.775739 0.789474 0.931350 0.739711 0.885246 0.842435 0.818458 0.727554 0.923239 0.922680 0.883762 0.818270 0.771047 0.825853 0.924485 0.755165 0.874671 0.815956 0.799808 0.712598 0.832981 0.910323 0.869150 0.779183 0.750255 0.758560 0.920890 0.743992 0.816254 0.769594 0.784007 0.683284 0.850505 0.900695 0.868398
 
Output produced by software:


Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time3 seconds
R Server'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001


Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data
MeasureValueS.E.Value/S.E.
Arithmetic Mean-7.40327874196053e-080.0114291575916323-6.47753667110226e-06
Geometric MeanNaN
Harmonic Mean-0.441016712060796
Quadratic Mean0.0885298740271752
Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 20 )-0.0001092543606562720.0111502500118551-0.00979837766329108
Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 20 )0.0002335653114748730.01100853536894610.0212167471554605
Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 20 )0.0006584341639338870.01086071311804950.0606253159232824
Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 20 )-0.001501696983607090.0103531894612419-0.145046798305858
Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 20 )-0.001200221573771030.0102754956127523-0.116804251493379
Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 20 )-0.000593926491803810.0101588259607420-0.0584640876907426
Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 20 )-0.0002046805901644720.0100209680201769-0.0204252313501404
Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 20 )-0.0009847461639349580.00969076475459492-0.101616971299199
Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 20 )-0.0002427625573775900.00923404713164038-0.0262899413352317
Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 20 )-0.006695549442623470.00798725070211619-0.838279614892958
Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 20 )-0.006884172393443160.0076786800605147-0.896530697879047
Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 20 )-0.006245024852459550.0075570789668992-0.826380785461342
Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 20 )-0.005415582229508720.00735497797984107-0.73631522002541
Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 20 )-0.004446828131148060.00710734594734538-0.625666481425316
Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 20 )-0.003785352721312030.00695955553076047-0.5439072516314
Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 20 )-0.002396500262295620.00660047541098562-0.363079946984874
Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 20 )-0.0008177297704923350.00621440328930256-0.131586209073359
Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 20 )0.0003026964590158750.005676372967597870.0533256818647648
Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 20 )-7.20084590169324e-050.00557024048952019-0.0129273519074102
Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 20 )-0.0008523363278693710.0054235775376513-0.157153893708041
Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 20 )-0.0004365311041961450.0108689633765029-0.0401630853904487
Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 20 )-0.000786774636756360.0105229387757493-0.0747675771496003
Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 20 )-0.001352599517139130.0101894980943484-0.132744469316831
Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 20 )-0.00212412816207910.00984516302976752-0.215753477688145
Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 20 )-0.002310247288975140.00961675709151245-0.240231428015803
Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 20 )-0.002586621038474940.00935158376870356-0.276597109372152
Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 20 )-0.003017664894315150.0090472714628767-0.333544196910351
Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 20 )-0.003562401537341150.00869400845693834-0.409753631479176
Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 20 )-0.004019485775067250.0083309001480638-0.482479168352705
Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 20 )-0.004643822133547110.00798177529254999-0.58180316575456
Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 20 )-0.004322910939050550.0078597467267377-0.550006391980119
Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 20 )-0.003939036372175980.00776021020261744-0.50759403022967
Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 20 )-0.003604118997658610.00763942491329408-0.471778836570112
Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 20 )-0.003346544971684580.00750908662661986-0.445666049426173
Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 20 )-0.003191896877842940.00737514342436363-0.432791160006269
Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 20 )-0.003108676633126590.00720373164680675-0.431536984654973
Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 20 )-0.003209238574378180.0070411226180775-0.455785071280925
Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 20 )-0.003552490426230030.00689356287802855-0.515334448830906
Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 20 )-0.004120525208838730.00681305002764213-0.604798906821585
Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 20 )-0.004739471378610990.00667010886306398-0.71055382691818
Median-0.00821009042623
Midrange0.0128754095737700
Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp-0.00531762375956337
Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p-0.00319189687784294
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function-0.00319189687784294
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging-0.00319189687784294
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation-0.00319189687784294
Midmean - Closest Observation-0.00536171542623004
Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit-0.00319189687784294
Midmean - MS Excel (old versions)-0.00319189687784294
Number of observations61
 
Charts produced by software:
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje/1hnr11225536539.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje/1hnr11225536539.ps (open in new window)


http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje/2bfhr1225536539.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2008/Nov/01/t1225536614a5a0bqcl4pihxje/2bfhr1225536539.ps (open in new window)


 
Parameters (Session):
 
Parameters (R input):
 
R code (references can be found in the software module):
x<-x-0.86210009042623
geomean <- function(x) {
return(exp(mean(log(x))))
}
harmean <- function(x) {
return(1/mean(1/x))
}
quamean <- function(x) {
return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
}
winmean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
}
return(win)
}
trimean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
}
return(tri)
}
midrange <- function(x) {
return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
}
q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p;
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n-1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
}
}
q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p+0.5
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- data[i]
}
q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
}
}
q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
if (f == 0.5) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
if (f < 0.5) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
}
}
midmean <- function(x,def) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
if (def==1) {
qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==2) {
qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==3) {
qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==4) {
qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==5) {
qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==6) {
qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==7) {
qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==8) {
qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
midm <- 0
myn <- 0
roundno4 <- round(n/4)
round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
for (i in 1:n) {
if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
midm = midm + x[i]
myn = myn + 1
}
}
midm = midm / myn
return(midm)
}
(arm <- mean(x))
sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
(armose <- arm / armse)
(geo <- geomean(x))
(har <- harmean(x))
(qua <- quamean(x))
(win <- winmean(x))
(tri <- trimean(x))
(midr <- midrange(x))
midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
midm
bitmap(file='test1.png')
lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,arm)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))
a<-table.element(a,armose)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,geo)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,har)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,qua)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,median(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midr)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[1])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[2])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[3])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[4])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[5])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[6])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[7])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[8])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,length(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
 





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Software written by Ed van Stee & Patrick Wessa


Disclaimer

Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.


Privacy Policy

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

  • personalize online software applications according to your needs
  • enforce strict security rules with respect to the data that you upload (e.g. statistical data)
  • manage user sessions of online applications
  • alert you about important changes or upgrades in resources or applications

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.


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