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Type 'q()' to quit R. > x <- array(list(7.8,0,7.6,0,7.5,0,7.6,0,7.5,0,7.3,0,7.6,0,7.5,0,7.6,0,7.9,0,7.9,0,8.1,0,8.2,0,8.0,0,7.5,0,6.8,0,6.5,0,6.6,0,7.6,0,8.0,0,8.0,0,7.7,0,7.5,0,7.6,0,7.7,0,7.9,0,7.8,0,7.5,0,7.5,0,7.1,0,7.5,0,7.5,0,7.6,0,7.7,0,7.7,1,7.9,1,8.1,1,8.2,1,8.2,1,8.1,1,7.9,1,7.3,1,6.9,1,6.6,1,6.7,1,6.9,1,7.0,1,7.1,1,7.2,1,7.1,1,6.9,1,7.0,1,6.8,1,6.4,1,6.7,1,6.7,1,6.4,1,6.3,1,6.2,1,6.5,1,6.8,1,6.8,1,6.5,1,6.3,1,5.9,1,5.9,1,6.4,1,6.4,1),dim=c(2,68),dimnames=list(c('y','x'),1:68)) > y <- array(NA,dim=c(2,68),dimnames=list(c('y','x'),1:68)) > for (i in 1:dim(x)[1]) + { + for (j in 1:dim(x)[2]) + { + y[i,j] <- as.numeric(x[i,j]) + } + } > par3 = 'Linear Trend' > par2 = 'Do not include Seasonal Dummies' > par1 = '0' > #'GNU S' R Code compiled by R2WASP v. 1.0.44 () > #Author: Prof. Dr. P. Wessa > #To cite this work: AUTHOR(S), (YEAR), YOUR SOFTWARE TITLE (vNUMBER) in Free Statistics Software (v$_version), Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_YOURPAGE.wasp/ > #Source of accompanying publication: Office for Research, Development, and Education > #Technical description: Write here your technical program description (don't use hard returns!) > library(lattice) > par1 <- as.numeric(par1) > x <- t(y) > k <- length(x[1,]) > n <- length(x[,1]) > x1 <- cbind(x[,par1], x[,1:k!=par1]) > mycolnames <- c(colnames(x)[par1], colnames(x)[1:k!=par1]) > colnames(x1) <- mycolnames #colnames(x)[par1] > x <- x1 > if (par3 == 'First Differences'){ + x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n-1,k), dimnames=list(1:(n-1), paste('(1-B)',colnames(x),sep=''))) + for (i in 1:n-1) { + for (j in 1:k) { + x2[i,j] <- x[i+1,j] - x[i,j] + } + } + x <- x2 + } > if (par2 == 'Include Monthly Dummies'){ + x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,11), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('M', seq(1:11), sep =''))) + for (i in 1:11){ + x2[seq(i,n,12),i] <- 1 + } + x <- cbind(x, x2) + } > if (par2 == 'Include Quarterly Dummies'){ + x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,3), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('Q', seq(1:3), sep =''))) + for (i in 1:3){ + x2[seq(i,n,4),i] <- 1 + } + x <- cbind(x, x2) + } > k <- length(x[1,]) > if (par3 == 'Linear Trend'){ + x <- cbind(x, c(1:n)) + colnames(x)[k+1] <- 't' + } > x y x t 1 7.8 0 1 2 7.6 0 2 3 7.5 0 3 4 7.6 0 4 5 7.5 0 5 6 7.3 0 6 7 7.6 0 7 8 7.5 0 8 9 7.6 0 9 10 7.9 0 10 11 7.9 0 11 12 8.1 0 12 13 8.2 0 13 14 8.0 0 14 15 7.5 0 15 16 6.8 0 16 17 6.5 0 17 18 6.6 0 18 19 7.6 0 19 20 8.0 0 20 21 8.0 0 21 22 7.7 0 22 23 7.5 0 23 24 7.6 0 24 25 7.7 0 25 26 7.9 0 26 27 7.8 0 27 28 7.5 0 28 29 7.5 0 29 30 7.1 0 30 31 7.5 0 31 32 7.5 0 32 33 7.6 0 33 34 7.7 0 34 35 7.7 1 35 36 7.9 1 36 37 8.1 1 37 38 8.2 1 38 39 8.2 1 39 40 8.1 1 40 41 7.9 1 41 42 7.3 1 42 43 6.9 1 43 44 6.6 1 44 45 6.7 1 45 46 6.9 1 46 47 7.0 1 47 48 7.1 1 48 49 7.2 1 49 50 7.1 1 50 51 6.9 1 51 52 7.0 1 52 53 6.8 1 53 54 6.4 1 54 55 6.7 1 55 56 6.7 1 56 57 6.4 1 57 58 6.3 1 58 59 6.2 1 59 60 6.5 1 60 61 6.8 1 61 62 6.8 1 62 63 6.5 1 63 64 6.3 1 64 65 5.9 1 65 66 5.9 1 66 67 6.4 1 67 68 6.4 1 68 > k <- length(x[1,]) > df <- as.data.frame(x) > (mylm <- lm(df)) Call: lm(formula = df) Coefficients: (Intercept) x t 8.08971 0.34731 -0.02916 > (mysum <- summary(mylm)) Call: lm(formula = df) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -1.093992 -0.303298 0.006387 0.315315 0.900210 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 8.089706 0.124154 65.158 < 2e-16 *** x 0.347311 0.218234 1.591 0.116 t -0.029160 0.005559 -5.245 1.82e-06 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Residual standard error: 0.4498 on 65 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.4897, Adjusted R-squared: 0.474 F-statistic: 31.19 on 2 and 65 DF, p-value: 3.190e-10 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/1qmiq1227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > plot(x[,1], type='l', main='Actuals and Interpolation', ylab='value of Actuals and Interpolation (dots)', xlab='time or index') > points(x[,1]-mysum$resid) > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/2u9ik1227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > plot(mysum$resid, type='b', pch=19, main='Residuals', ylab='value of Residuals', xlab='time or index') > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/3tavw1227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > hist(mysum$resid, main='Residual Histogram', xlab='values of Residuals') > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/440rl1227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > densityplot(~mysum$resid,col='black',main='Residual Density Plot', xlab='values of Residuals') > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/54bl91227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > qqnorm(mysum$resid, main='Residual Normal Q-Q Plot') > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > (myerror <- as.ts(mysum$resid)) Time Series: Start = 1 End = 68 Frequency = 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -0.26054622 -0.43138655 -0.50222689 -0.37306723 -0.44390756 -0.61474790 7 8 9 10 11 12 -0.28558824 -0.35642857 -0.22726891 0.10189076 0.13105042 0.36021008 13 14 15 16 17 18 0.48936975 0.31852941 -0.15231092 -0.82315126 -1.09399160 -0.96483193 19 20 21 22 23 24 0.06432773 0.49348739 0.52264706 0.25180672 0.08096639 0.21012605 25 26 27 28 29 30 0.33928571 0.56844538 0.49760504 0.22676471 0.25592437 -0.11491597 31 32 33 34 35 36 0.31424370 0.34340336 0.47256303 0.60172269 0.28357143 0.51273109 37 38 39 40 41 42 0.74189076 0.87105042 0.90021008 0.82936975 0.65852941 0.08768908 43 44 45 46 47 48 -0.28315126 -0.55399160 -0.42483193 -0.19567227 -0.06651261 0.06264706 49 50 51 52 53 54 0.19180672 0.12096639 -0.04987395 0.07928571 -0.09155462 -0.46239496 55 56 57 58 59 60 -0.13323529 -0.10407563 -0.37491597 -0.44575630 -0.51659664 -0.18743697 61 62 63 64 65 66 0.14172269 0.17088235 -0.09995798 -0.27079832 -0.64163866 -0.61247899 67 68 -0.08331933 -0.05415966 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/6ckd41227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > dum <- cbind(lag(myerror,k=1),myerror) > dum Time Series: Start = 0 End = 68 Frequency = 1 lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror 0 -0.26054622 NA 1 -0.43138655 -0.26054622 2 -0.50222689 -0.43138655 3 -0.37306723 -0.50222689 4 -0.44390756 -0.37306723 5 -0.61474790 -0.44390756 6 -0.28558824 -0.61474790 7 -0.35642857 -0.28558824 8 -0.22726891 -0.35642857 9 0.10189076 -0.22726891 10 0.13105042 0.10189076 11 0.36021008 0.13105042 12 0.48936975 0.36021008 13 0.31852941 0.48936975 14 -0.15231092 0.31852941 15 -0.82315126 -0.15231092 16 -1.09399160 -0.82315126 17 -0.96483193 -1.09399160 18 0.06432773 -0.96483193 19 0.49348739 0.06432773 20 0.52264706 0.49348739 21 0.25180672 0.52264706 22 0.08096639 0.25180672 23 0.21012605 0.08096639 24 0.33928571 0.21012605 25 0.56844538 0.33928571 26 0.49760504 0.56844538 27 0.22676471 0.49760504 28 0.25592437 0.22676471 29 -0.11491597 0.25592437 30 0.31424370 -0.11491597 31 0.34340336 0.31424370 32 0.47256303 0.34340336 33 0.60172269 0.47256303 34 0.28357143 0.60172269 35 0.51273109 0.28357143 36 0.74189076 0.51273109 37 0.87105042 0.74189076 38 0.90021008 0.87105042 39 0.82936975 0.90021008 40 0.65852941 0.82936975 41 0.08768908 0.65852941 42 -0.28315126 0.08768908 43 -0.55399160 -0.28315126 44 -0.42483193 -0.55399160 45 -0.19567227 -0.42483193 46 -0.06651261 -0.19567227 47 0.06264706 -0.06651261 48 0.19180672 0.06264706 49 0.12096639 0.19180672 50 -0.04987395 0.12096639 51 0.07928571 -0.04987395 52 -0.09155462 0.07928571 53 -0.46239496 -0.09155462 54 -0.13323529 -0.46239496 55 -0.10407563 -0.13323529 56 -0.37491597 -0.10407563 57 -0.44575630 -0.37491597 58 -0.51659664 -0.44575630 59 -0.18743697 -0.51659664 60 0.14172269 -0.18743697 61 0.17088235 0.14172269 62 -0.09995798 0.17088235 63 -0.27079832 -0.09995798 64 -0.64163866 -0.27079832 65 -0.61247899 -0.64163866 66 -0.08331933 -0.61247899 67 -0.05415966 -0.08331933 68 NA -0.05415966 > dum1 <- dum[2:length(myerror),] > dum1 lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror [1,] -0.43138655 -0.26054622 [2,] -0.50222689 -0.43138655 [3,] -0.37306723 -0.50222689 [4,] -0.44390756 -0.37306723 [5,] -0.61474790 -0.44390756 [6,] -0.28558824 -0.61474790 [7,] -0.35642857 -0.28558824 [8,] -0.22726891 -0.35642857 [9,] 0.10189076 -0.22726891 [10,] 0.13105042 0.10189076 [11,] 0.36021008 0.13105042 [12,] 0.48936975 0.36021008 [13,] 0.31852941 0.48936975 [14,] -0.15231092 0.31852941 [15,] -0.82315126 -0.15231092 [16,] -1.09399160 -0.82315126 [17,] -0.96483193 -1.09399160 [18,] 0.06432773 -0.96483193 [19,] 0.49348739 0.06432773 [20,] 0.52264706 0.49348739 [21,] 0.25180672 0.52264706 [22,] 0.08096639 0.25180672 [23,] 0.21012605 0.08096639 [24,] 0.33928571 0.21012605 [25,] 0.56844538 0.33928571 [26,] 0.49760504 0.56844538 [27,] 0.22676471 0.49760504 [28,] 0.25592437 0.22676471 [29,] -0.11491597 0.25592437 [30,] 0.31424370 -0.11491597 [31,] 0.34340336 0.31424370 [32,] 0.47256303 0.34340336 [33,] 0.60172269 0.47256303 [34,] 0.28357143 0.60172269 [35,] 0.51273109 0.28357143 [36,] 0.74189076 0.51273109 [37,] 0.87105042 0.74189076 [38,] 0.90021008 0.87105042 [39,] 0.82936975 0.90021008 [40,] 0.65852941 0.82936975 [41,] 0.08768908 0.65852941 [42,] -0.28315126 0.08768908 [43,] -0.55399160 -0.28315126 [44,] -0.42483193 -0.55399160 [45,] -0.19567227 -0.42483193 [46,] -0.06651261 -0.19567227 [47,] 0.06264706 -0.06651261 [48,] 0.19180672 0.06264706 [49,] 0.12096639 0.19180672 [50,] -0.04987395 0.12096639 [51,] 0.07928571 -0.04987395 [52,] -0.09155462 0.07928571 [53,] -0.46239496 -0.09155462 [54,] -0.13323529 -0.46239496 [55,] -0.10407563 -0.13323529 [56,] -0.37491597 -0.10407563 [57,] -0.44575630 -0.37491597 [58,] -0.51659664 -0.44575630 [59,] -0.18743697 -0.51659664 [60,] 0.14172269 -0.18743697 [61,] 0.17088235 0.14172269 [62,] -0.09995798 0.17088235 [63,] -0.27079832 -0.09995798 [64,] -0.64163866 -0.27079832 [65,] -0.61247899 -0.64163866 [66,] -0.08331933 -0.61247899 [67,] -0.05415966 -0.08331933 > z <- as.data.frame(dum1) > z lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror 1 -0.43138655 -0.26054622 2 -0.50222689 -0.43138655 3 -0.37306723 -0.50222689 4 -0.44390756 -0.37306723 5 -0.61474790 -0.44390756 6 -0.28558824 -0.61474790 7 -0.35642857 -0.28558824 8 -0.22726891 -0.35642857 9 0.10189076 -0.22726891 10 0.13105042 0.10189076 11 0.36021008 0.13105042 12 0.48936975 0.36021008 13 0.31852941 0.48936975 14 -0.15231092 0.31852941 15 -0.82315126 -0.15231092 16 -1.09399160 -0.82315126 17 -0.96483193 -1.09399160 18 0.06432773 -0.96483193 19 0.49348739 0.06432773 20 0.52264706 0.49348739 21 0.25180672 0.52264706 22 0.08096639 0.25180672 23 0.21012605 0.08096639 24 0.33928571 0.21012605 25 0.56844538 0.33928571 26 0.49760504 0.56844538 27 0.22676471 0.49760504 28 0.25592437 0.22676471 29 -0.11491597 0.25592437 30 0.31424370 -0.11491597 31 0.34340336 0.31424370 32 0.47256303 0.34340336 33 0.60172269 0.47256303 34 0.28357143 0.60172269 35 0.51273109 0.28357143 36 0.74189076 0.51273109 37 0.87105042 0.74189076 38 0.90021008 0.87105042 39 0.82936975 0.90021008 40 0.65852941 0.82936975 41 0.08768908 0.65852941 42 -0.28315126 0.08768908 43 -0.55399160 -0.28315126 44 -0.42483193 -0.55399160 45 -0.19567227 -0.42483193 46 -0.06651261 -0.19567227 47 0.06264706 -0.06651261 48 0.19180672 0.06264706 49 0.12096639 0.19180672 50 -0.04987395 0.12096639 51 0.07928571 -0.04987395 52 -0.09155462 0.07928571 53 -0.46239496 -0.09155462 54 -0.13323529 -0.46239496 55 -0.10407563 -0.13323529 56 -0.37491597 -0.10407563 57 -0.44575630 -0.37491597 58 -0.51659664 -0.44575630 59 -0.18743697 -0.51659664 60 0.14172269 -0.18743697 61 0.17088235 0.14172269 62 -0.09995798 0.17088235 63 -0.27079832 -0.09995798 64 -0.64163866 -0.27079832 65 -0.61247899 -0.64163866 66 -0.08331933 -0.61247899 67 -0.05415966 -0.08331933 > plot(z,main=paste('Residual Lag plot, lowess, and regression line'), ylab='values of Residuals', xlab='lagged values of Residuals') > lines(lowess(z)) > abline(lm(z)) > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/7foz51227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > acf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Autocorrelation Function') > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/8rdx41227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > pacf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Partial Autocorrelation Function') > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/9y0g31227555269.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > opar <- par(mfrow = c(2,2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0)) > plot(mylm, las = 1, sub='Residual Diagnostics') > par(opar) > dev.off() null device 1 > > #Note: the /var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab > load(file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/createtable") > > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Estimated Regression Equation', 1, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > myeq <- colnames(x)[1] > myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t] = ', sep='') > for (i in 1:k){ + if (mysum$coefficients[i,1] > 0) myeq <- paste(myeq, '+', '') + myeq <- paste(myeq, mysum$coefficients[i,1], sep=' ') + if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != '(Intercept)') { + myeq <- paste(myeq, rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i], sep='') + if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != 't') myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t]', sep='') + } + } > myeq <- paste(myeq, ' + e[t]') > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, myeq) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/10grj81227555269.tab") > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/ols1.htm','Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares',''), 6, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Variable',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Parameter',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'S.D.',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'T-STAT
H0: parameter = 0',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'2-tail p-value',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'1-tail p-value',header=TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > for (i in 1:k){ + a<-table.row.start(a) + a<-table.element(a,rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i],header=TRUE) + a<-table.element(a,mysum$coefficients[i,1]) + a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,2],6)) + a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,3],4)) + a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4],6)) + a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4]/2,6)) + a<-table.row.end(a) + } > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/11rcku1227555269.tab") > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Regression Statistics', 2, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple R',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, sqrt(mysum$r.squared)) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'R-squared',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$r.squared) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Adjusted R-squared',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$adj.r.squared) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (value)',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[1]) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF numerator)',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[2]) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF denominator)',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[3]) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'p-value',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, 1-pf(mysum$fstatistic[1],mysum$fstatistic[2],mysum$fstatistic[3])) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Residual Statistics', 2, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Residual Standard Deviation',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, mysum$sigma) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Sum Squared Residuals',1,TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, sum(myerror*myerror)) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/12vd8q1227555269.tab") > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Actuals, Interpolation, and Residuals', 4, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a, 'Time or Index', 1, TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, 'Actuals', 1, TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, 'Interpolation
Forecast', 1, TRUE) > a<-table.element(a, 'Residuals
Prediction Error', 1, TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > for (i in 1:n) { + a<-table.row.start(a) + a<-table.element(a,i, 1, TRUE) + a<-table.element(a,x[i]) + a<-table.element(a,x[i]-mysum$resid[i]) + a<-table.element(a,mysum$resid[i]) + a<-table.row.end(a) + } > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/freestat/rcomp/tmp/13y4781227555269.tab") > > system("convert tmp/1qmiq1227555269.ps tmp/1qmiq1227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/2u9ik1227555269.ps tmp/2u9ik1227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/3tavw1227555269.ps tmp/3tavw1227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/440rl1227555269.ps tmp/440rl1227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/54bl91227555269.ps tmp/54bl91227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/6ckd41227555269.ps tmp/6ckd41227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/7foz51227555269.ps tmp/7foz51227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/8rdx41227555269.ps tmp/8rdx41227555269.png") > system("convert tmp/9y0g31227555269.ps tmp/9y0g31227555269.png") > > > proc.time() user system elapsed 3.001 2.259 3.749