R version 2.9.0 (2009-04-17)
Copyright (C) 2009 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0

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> x <- c(1.8,1.6,1.9,1.7,1.6,1.3,1.1,1.9,2.6,2.3,2.4,2.2,2,2.9,2.6,2.3,2.3,2.6,3.1,2.8,2.5,2.9,3.1,3.1,3.2,2.5,2.6,2.9,2.6,2.4,1.7,2,2.2,1.9,1.6,1.6,1.2,1.2,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.3,1.3,1.4,1.1,1.5,2.2,2.9,3.1,3.5,3.6,4.4,4.2,5.2,5.8,5.9,5.4,5.5)
> par10 = 'FALSE'
> par9 = '0'
> par8 = '2'
> par7 = '0'
> par6 = '0'
> par5 = '12'
> par4 = '1'
> par3 = '1'
> par2 = '-0.5'
> par1 = '12'
> par1 <- as.numeric(par1) #cut off periods
> par2 <- as.numeric(par2) #lambda
> par3 <- as.numeric(par3) #degree of non-seasonal differencing
> par4 <- as.numeric(par4) #degree of seasonal differencing
> par5 <- as.numeric(par5) #seasonal period
> par6 <- as.numeric(par6) #p
> par7 <- as.numeric(par7) #q
> par8 <- as.numeric(par8) #P
> par9 <- as.numeric(par9) #Q
> if (par10 == 'TRUE') par10 <- TRUE
> if (par10 == 'FALSE') par10 <- FALSE
> if (par2 == 0) x <- log(x)
> if (par2 != 0) x <- x^par2
> lx <- length(x)
> first <- lx - 2*par1
> nx <- lx - par1
> nx1 <- nx + 1
> fx <- lx - nx
> if (fx < 1) {
+ fx <- par5
+ nx1 <- lx + fx - 1
+ first <- lx - 2*fx
+ }
> first <- 1
> if (fx < 3) fx <- round(lx/10,0)
> (arima.out <- arima(x[1:nx], order=c(par6,par3,par7), seasonal=list(order=c(par8,par4,par9), period=par5), include.mean=par10, method='ML'))

Call:
arima(x = x[1:nx], order = c(par6, par3, par7), seasonal = list(order = c(par8, 
    par4, par9), period = par5), include.mean = par10, method = "ML")

Coefficients:
         sar1     sar2
      -0.9015  -0.1673
s.e.   0.2308   0.2569

sigma^2 estimated as 0.00512:  log likelihood = 38.07,  aic = -70.15
> (forecast <- predict(arima.out,par1))
$pred
Time Series:
Start = 50 
End = 61 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 0.8503698 0.8373737 0.8171812 0.8390542 0.8489637 0.9294228 0.8904294
 [8] 0.8850615 0.9151472 0.9565816 0.9672460 1.0420678

$se
Time Series:
Start = 50 
End = 61 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 0.0715551 0.1011942 0.1239371 0.1431102 0.1600021 0.1752735 0.1893170
 [8] 0.2023884 0.2146653 0.2262771 0.2373214 0.2478742

> (lb <- forecast$pred - 1.96 * forecast$se)
Time Series:
Start = 50 
End = 61 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 0.7101218 0.6390331 0.5742645 0.5585582 0.5353596 0.5858868 0.5193681
 [8] 0.4883803 0.4944031 0.5130785 0.5020960 0.5562345
> (ub <- forecast$pred + 1.96 * forecast$se)
Time Series:
Start = 50 
End = 61 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 0.9906179 1.0357144 1.0600978 1.1195502 1.1625678 1.2729589 1.2614908
 [8] 1.2817428 1.3358912 1.4000848 1.4323960 1.5279012
> if (par2 == 0) {
+ x <- exp(x)
+ forecast$pred <- exp(forecast$pred)
+ lb <- exp(lb)
+ ub <- exp(ub)
+ }
> if (par2 != 0) {
+ x <- x^(1/par2)
+ forecast$pred <- forecast$pred^(1/par2)
+ lb <- lb^(1/par2)
+ ub <- ub^(1/par2)
+ }
> if (par2 < 0) {
+ olb <- lb
+ lb <- ub
+ ub <- olb
+ }
> (actandfor <- c(x[1:nx], forecast$pred))
 [1] 1.8000000 1.6000000 1.9000000 1.7000000 1.6000000 1.3000000 1.1000000
 [8] 1.9000000 2.6000000 2.3000000 2.4000000 2.2000000 2.0000000 2.9000000
[15] 2.6000000 2.3000000 2.3000000 2.6000000 3.1000000 2.8000000 2.5000000
[22] 2.9000000 3.1000000 3.1000000 3.2000000 2.5000000 2.6000000 2.9000000
[29] 2.6000000 2.4000000 1.7000000 2.0000000 2.2000000 1.9000000 1.6000000
[36] 1.6000000 1.2000000 1.2000000 1.5000000 1.6000000 1.7000000 1.8000000
[43] 1.8000000 1.8000000 1.3000000 1.3000000 1.4000000 1.1000000 1.5000000
[50] 1.3828794 1.4261372 1.4974878 1.4204305 1.3874642 1.1576394 1.2612494
[57] 1.2765948 1.1940379 1.0928383 1.0688730 0.9208905
> (perc.se <- (ub-forecast$pred)/1.96/forecast$pred)
Time Series:
Start = 50 
End = 61 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 0.2214299 0.3658600 0.5229300 0.6410923 0.7728086 0.7737314 0.9894546
 [8] 1.1654125 1.2378842 1.2632518 1.3832044 1.2804846
> postscript(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/167hr1260441872.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) 
> opar <- par(mar=c(4,4,2,2),las=1)
> ylim <- c( min(x[first:nx],lb), max(x[first:nx],ub))
> plot(x,ylim=ylim,type='n',xlim=c(first,lx))
> usr <- par('usr')
> rect(usr[1],usr[3],nx+1,usr[4],border=NA,col='lemonchiffon')
> rect(nx1,usr[3],usr[2],usr[4],border=NA,col='lavender')
> abline(h= (-3:3)*2 , col ='gray', lty =3)
> polygon( c(nx1:lx,lx:nx1), c(lb,rev(ub)), col = 'orange', lty=2,border=NA)
> lines(nx1:lx, lb , lty=2)
> lines(nx1:lx, ub , lty=2)
> lines(x, lwd=2)
> lines(nx1:lx, forecast$pred , lwd=2 , col ='white')
> box()
> par(opar)
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
> prob.dec <- array(NA, dim=fx)
> prob.sdec <- array(NA, dim=fx)
> prob.ldec <- array(NA, dim=fx)
> prob.pval <- array(NA, dim=fx)
> perf.pe <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.mape <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.mape1 <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.se <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.mse <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.mse1 <- array(0, dim=fx)
> perf.rmse <- array(0, dim=fx)
> for (i in 1:fx) {
+ locSD <- (ub[i] - forecast$pred[i]) / 1.96
+ perf.pe[i] = (x[nx+i] - forecast$pred[i]) / forecast$pred[i]
+ perf.se[i] = (x[nx+i] - forecast$pred[i])^2
+ prob.dec[i] = pnorm((x[nx+i-1] - forecast$pred[i]) / locSD)
+ prob.sdec[i] = pnorm((x[nx+i-par5] - forecast$pred[i]) / locSD)
+ prob.ldec[i] = pnorm((x[nx] - forecast$pred[i]) / locSD)
+ prob.pval[i] = pnorm(abs(x[nx+i] - forecast$pred[i]) / locSD)
+ }
> perf.mape[1] = abs(perf.pe[1])
> perf.mse[1] = abs(perf.se[1])
> for (i in 2:fx) {
+ perf.mape[i] = perf.mape[i-1] + abs(perf.pe[i])
+ perf.mape1[i] = perf.mape[i] / i
+ perf.mse[i] = perf.mse[i-1] + perf.se[i]
+ perf.mse1[i] = perf.mse[i] / i
+ }
> perf.rmse = sqrt(perf.mse1)
> postscript(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/246wa1260441872.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) 
> plot(forecast$pred, pch=19, type='b',main='ARIMA Extrapolation Forecast', ylab='Forecast and 95% CI', xlab='time',ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub)))
> dum <- forecast$pred
> dum[1:par1] <- x[(nx+1):lx]
> lines(dum, lty=1)
> lines(ub,lty=3)
> lines(lb,lty=3)
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
> 
> #Note: the /var/www/html/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab
> load(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/createtable")
> 
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Univariate ARIMA Extrapolation Forecast',9,TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'time',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Y[t]',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'F[t]',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'95% LB',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'95% UB',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'p-value<br />(H0: Y[t] = F[t])',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'P(F[t]>Y[t-1])',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'P(F[t]>Y[t-s])',1,header=TRUE)
> mylab <- paste('P(F[t]>Y[',nx,sep='')
> mylab <- paste(mylab,'])',sep='')
> a<-table.element(a,mylab,1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in (nx-par5):nx) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,i,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,x[i])
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.element(a,'-')
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> for (i in 1:fx) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,nx+i,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,round(x[nx+i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(forecast$pred[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(lb[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(ub[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round((1-prob.pval[i]),4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round((1-prob.dec[i]),4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round((1-prob.sdec[i]),4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round((1-prob.ldec[i]),4))
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/37xd81260441872.tab") 
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Univariate ARIMA Extrapolation Forecast Performance',7,TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'time',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'% S.E.',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'PE',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'MAPE',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Sq.E',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'MSE',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'RMSE',1,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in 1:fx) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,nx+i,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perc.se[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perf.pe[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perf.mape1[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perf.se[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perf.mse1[i],4))
+ a<-table.element(a,round(perf.rmse[i],4))
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/4112d1260441872.tab") 
> 
> system("convert tmp/167hr1260441872.ps tmp/167hr1260441872.png")
> system("convert tmp/246wa1260441872.ps tmp/246wa1260441872.png")
> 
> 
> proc.time()
   user  system elapsed 
  0.698   0.309   1.303