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Type 'q()' to quit R. > y <- c(8.9,8.9,8.9,8.9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9.1,9,9.1,9.1,9,9,9,9,8.9,8.9,8.9,8.9,8.8,8.8,8.7,8.7,8.5,8.5,8.4,8.2,8.2,8.1,8.1,8,7.9,7.8,7.7,7.6,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.4,7.4,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.2,7.2,7.3,7.4,7.4,7.5,7.6,7.7,7.9,8,8.2) > x <- c(8.6,8.5,8.3,7.8,7.8,8,8.6,8.9,8.9,8.6,8.3,8.3,8.3,8.4,8.5,8.4,8.6,8.5,8.5,8.4,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.6,8.4,8.1,8,8,8,8,7.9,7.8,7.8,7.9,8.1,8,7.6,7.3,7,6.8,7,7.1,7.2,7.1,6.9,6.7,6.7,6.6,6.9,7.3,7.5,7.3,7.1,6.9,7.1) > par8 = '11' > par7 = '0' > par6 = '0' > par5 = '1' > par4 = '12' > par3 = '0' > par2 = '0' > par1 = '1' > #'GNU S' R Code compiled by R2WASP v. 1.0.44 () > #Author: Prof. Dr. P. Wessa > #To cite this work: Wessa P., (2008), Bivariate Granger Causality (v1.0.0) in Free Statistics Software (v$_version), Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_grangercausality.wasp#output/ > #Source of accompanying publication: Office for Research, Development, and Education > #Technical description: > library(lmtest) Loading required package: zoo Attaching package: 'zoo' The following object(s) are masked from package:base : as.Date.numeric > par1 <- as.numeric(par1) > par2 <- as.numeric(par2) > par3 <- as.numeric(par3) > par4 <- as.numeric(par4) > par5 <- as.numeric(par5) > par6 <- as.numeric(par6) > par7 <- as.numeric(par7) > par8 <- as.numeric(par8) > ox <- x > oy <- y > if (par1 == 0) { + x <- log(x) + } else { + x <- (x ^ par1 - 1) / par1 + } > if (par5 == 0) { + y <- log(y) + } else { + y <- (y ^ par5 - 1) / par5 + } > if (par2 > 0) x <- diff(x,lag=1,difference=par2) > if (par6 > 0) y <- diff(y,lag=1,difference=par6) > if (par3 > 0) x <- diff(x,lag=par4,difference=par3) > if (par7 > 0) y <- diff(y,lag=par4,difference=par7) > x [1] 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.5 [20] 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 [39] 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.5 6.3 [58] 6.1 5.9 6.1 > y [1] 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 [20] 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 [39] 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 [58] 6.9 7.0 7.2 > (gyx <- grangertest(y ~ x, order=par8)) Granger causality test Model 1: ~ Lags(, 1:11) + Lags(, 1:11) Model 2: ~ Lags(, 1:11) Res.Df Df F Pr(>F) 1 26 2 37 -11 1.1002 0.3992 > (gxy <- grangertest(x ~ y, order=par8)) Granger causality test Model 1: ~ Lags(, 1:11) + Lags(, 1:11) Model 2: ~ Lags(, 1:11) Res.Df Df F Pr(>F) 1 26 2 37 -11 5.8269 0.0001094 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/1izy91260519826.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > op <- par(mfrow=c(2,1)) > (r <- ccf(ox,oy,main='Cross Correlation Function (raw data)',ylab='CCF',xlab='Lag (k)')) Autocorrelations of series 'X', by lag -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 0.037 0.095 0.152 0.212 0.274 0.340 0.410 0.481 0.552 0.616 0.673 0.719 0.762 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.804 0.847 0.866 0.882 0.892 0.899 0.899 0.888 0.856 0.812 0.763 0.718 0.679 12 13 14 0.638 0.589 0.533 > (r <- ccf(x,y,main='Cross Correlation Function (transformed and differenced)',ylab='CCF',xlab='Lag (k)')) Autocorrelations of series 'X', by lag -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 0.037 0.095 0.152 0.212 0.274 0.340 0.410 0.481 0.552 0.616 0.673 0.719 0.762 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.804 0.847 0.866 0.882 0.892 0.899 0.899 0.888 0.856 0.812 0.763 0.718 0.679 12 13 14 0.638 0.589 0.533 > par(op) > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/2kqsy1260519826.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > op <- par(mfrow=c(2,1)) > acf(ox,lag.max=round(length(x)/2),main='ACF of x (raw)') > acf(x,lag.max=round(length(x)/2),main='ACF of x (transformed and differenced)') > par(op) > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/3yp7s1260519826.ps",horizontal=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > op <- par(mfrow=c(2,1)) > acf(oy,lag.max=round(length(y)/2),main='ACF of y (raw)') > acf(y,lag.max=round(length(y)/2),main='ACF of y (transformed and differenced)') > par(op) > dev.off() null device 1 > > #Note: the /var/www/html/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab > load(file="/var/www/html/rcomp/createtable") > > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Granger Causality Test: Y = f(X)',5,TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Res.DF',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Diff. DF',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'F',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'p-value',header=TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Complete model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,gyx$Res.Df[1]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Reduced model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,gyx$Res.Df[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gyx$Df[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gyx$F[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gyx$Pr[2]) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/4td7x1260519826.tab") > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Granger Causality Test: X = f(Y)',5,TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Res.DF',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Diff. DF',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'F',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'p-value',header=TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Complete model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,gxy$Res.Df[1]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Reduced model',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,gxy$Res.Df[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gxy$Df[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gxy$F[2]) > a<-table.element(a,gxy$Pr[2]) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/www/html/rcomp/tmp/5fsfd1260519826.tab") > > system("convert tmp/1izy91260519826.ps tmp/1izy91260519826.png") > system("convert tmp/2kqsy1260519826.ps tmp/2kqsy1260519826.png") > system("convert tmp/3yp7s1260519826.ps tmp/3yp7s1260519826.png") > > > proc.time() user system elapsed 0.943 0.464 1.266