central tendency

*The author of this computation has been verified*

R Software Module: /rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)

Title produced by software: Central Tendency

Date of computation: Wed, 22 Dec 2010 14:14:16 +0000

Cite this page as follows:

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku.htm/, Retrieved Wed, 22 Dec 2010 15:12:05 +0100

BibTeX entries for LaTeX users:

@Manual{KEY, author = {{YOUR NAME}}, publisher = {Office for Research Development and Education}, title = {Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku.htm/}, year = {2010}, } @Manual{R, title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing}, author = {{R Development Core Team}}, organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, year = {2010}, note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0}, url = {http://www.R-project.org}, }

Original text written by user:

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Dataseries X:

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143827 145191 146832 148577 149873 151847 153252 154292 155657 156523 156416 156693 160312 160438 160882 161668 164391 168556 169738 170387 171294 172202 172651 172770 178366 180014 181067 182586 184957 186417 188599 189490 190264 191221 191110 190674 195438 196393 197172 198760 200945 203845 204613 205487 206100 206315 206291 207801 211653 211325 211893 212056 214696 217455 218884 219816 219984 219062 218550 218179 222218 222196 223393 223292 226236 228831 228745 229140 229270 229359 230006 228810 232677 232961 234629 235660 240024 243554 244368 244356 245126 246321 246797 246735 251083 251786 252732 255051 259022 261698 263891 265247 262228 263429 264305 266371 273248 275472 278146 279506 283991 286794 288703 289285 288869 286942 285833 284095 289229 289389 290793 291454 294733 293853 294056 293982 293075 292391

Output produced by software:

Summary of computational transaction Raw Input view raw input (R code) Raw Output view raw output of R engine Computing time 5 seconds R Server 'George Udny Yule' @ 72.249.76.132 Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data Measure Value S.E. Value/S.E. Arithmetic Mean 221501.127118644 4123.03444212440 53.7228418117496 Geometric Mean 216905.378171408 Harmonic Mean 212256.063135548 Quadratic Mean 225946.189693719 Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 39 ) 221506.949152542 4120.32165601359 53.7596254965323 Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 39 ) 221533.508474576 4115.77403370616 53.8254789160741 Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 39 ) 221574.593220339 4108.47100897826 53.9311565631426 Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 39 ) 221592.152542373 4097.90060664651 54.0745551961329 Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 39 ) 221646.813559322 4081.22338196382 54.3089149539933 Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 39 ) 221670.610169492 4063.83596212742 54.5471353261628 Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 39 ) 221693.093220339 4049.27130827985 54.7488859951237 Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 39 ) 221690.449152542 4022.40761505735 55.1138696940294 Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 39 ) 221740.406779661 4013.17830584156 55.253066243505 Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 39 ) 221744.728813559 4011.23489802893 55.2809133472891 Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 39 ) 221727.016949153 4004.21620146686 55.3733878974686 Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 39 ) 222078.169491525 3951.65605476444 56.1987598145769 Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 39 ) 221898.042372881 3922.07003673867 56.5767669354004 Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 39 ) 221933.161016949 3912.54111523584 56.7235345215207 Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 39 ) 221910.915254237 3882.00102828025 57.1640537026197 Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 39 ) 222044.474576271 3800.54591629589 58.4243630958895 Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 39 ) 222629.533898305 3722.27693873989 59.8100403495696 Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 39 ) 222125.686440678 3605.12745773073 61.6138233793533 Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 39 ) 222011.203389831 3562.52493623199 62.3184980775594 Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 39 ) 221711.711864407 3483.07488755713 63.654018079383 Winsorized Mean ( 21 / 39 ) 221477.508474576 3411.32274428465 64.9242317648312 Winsorized Mean ( 22 / 39 ) 220279.067796610 3239.65393432484 67.9946291369907 Winsorized Mean ( 23 / 39 ) 220083.177966102 3210.24261270472 68.556556160307 Winsorized Mean ( 24 / 39 ) 221029.754237288 3047.21901801059 72.5349090206158 Winsorized Mean ( 25 / 39 ) 221291.194915254 2995.10735134893 73.8842281615014 Winsorized Mean ( 26 / 39 ) 221421.415254237 2955.53298123154 74.9175924140673 Winsorized Mean ( 27 / 39 ) 221494.177966102 2881.90436590939 76.8568799805432 Winsorized Mean ( 28 / 39 ) 221931.025423729 2802.49052361213 79.1906425923188 Winsorized Mean ( 29 / 39 ) 221632.177966102 2683.06979825712 82.6039554058828 Winsorized Mean ( 30 / 39 ) 221177.347457627 2502.49952064813 88.3825733562352 Winsorized Mean ( 31 / 39 ) 220802.194915254 2406.66511862968 91.7461233829557 Winsorized Mean ( 32 / 39 ) 220755.550847458 2354.38099311196 93.7637330123315 Winsorized Mean ( 33 / 39 ) 220673.610169492 2319.60927152367 95.133957636123 Winsorized Mean ( 34 / 39 ) 219564.288135593 2170.11607025538 101.176287823976 Winsorized Mean ( 35 / 39 ) 219578.822033898 2164.45561888518 101.447597316407 Winsorized Mean ( 36 / 39 ) 220739.059322034 2009.45213791744 109.850369240844 Winsorized Mean ( 37 / 39 ) 220663.805084746 1936.68607084921 113.938861029752 Winsorized Mean ( 38 / 39 ) 220670.567796610 1883.57409769240 117.155235924596 Winsorized Mean ( 39 / 39 ) 221191.449152542 1827.62865278512 121.026472645561 Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 39 ) 221539.422413793 4091.32578485675 54.1485655417074 Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 39 ) 221573.035087719 4058.73738853479 54.5916165242974 Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 39 ) 221593.857142857 4024.74204359887 55.0579030264287 Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 39 ) 221600.745454545 3989.430414098 55.5469634641186 Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 39 ) 221603.092592593 3952.97367014855 56.0598453427758 Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 39 ) 221593.358490566 3916.20696969706 56.5836688931963 Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 39 ) 221578.75 3878.59715992843 57.1285804798787 Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 39 ) 221559.852941176 3838.97376608178 57.7133021586937 Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 39 ) 221540.59 3799.04255290818 58.3148482583882 Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 39 ) 221513.857142857 3755.25977174585 58.9876255191459 Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 39 ) 221485.479166667 3705.79433114901 59.7673425384062 Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 39 ) 221457.914893617 3650.62961511358 60.662937148371 Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 39 ) 221391.619565217 3595.73773594589 61.5705693304626 Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 39 ) 221340.544444444 3537.42111680152 62.5711604968812 Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 39 ) 221283.784090909 3472.01539565146 63.7335261727401 Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 39 ) 221226.418604651 3401.36205905252 65.0405381032197 Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 39 ) 221154.595238095 3331.64390928885 66.3800217728855 Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 39 ) 221029.743902439 3261.92385516889 67.760546755925 Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 39 ) 220939.9375 3197.62810663414 69.0949447941162 Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 39 ) 220854.641025641 3128.72346665441 70.5893772266822 Trimmed Mean ( 21 / 39 ) 220788.105263158 3059.42739612055 72.1664797612534 Trimmed Mean ( 22 / 39 ) 220735.756756757 2988.30542370963 73.8665315149545 Trimmed Mean ( 23 / 39 ) 220769.777777778 2928.62710637215 75.3833689845401 Trimmed Mean ( 24 / 39 ) 220820.1 2861.99167531013 77.1560944446392 Trimmed Mean ( 25 / 39 ) 220804.941176471 2805.87969174533 78.6936595414481 Trimmed Mean ( 26 / 39 ) 220770.166666667 2746.00028900551 80.3969932379799 Trimmed Mean ( 27 / 39 ) 220723.984375 2679.68207869942 82.3694669339759 Trimmed Mean ( 28 / 39 ) 220669.693548387 2610.60434250351 84.5282028975595 Trimmed Mean ( 29 / 39 ) 220581.1 2538.74525234961 86.8858739551958 Trimmed Mean ( 30 / 39 ) 220507.362068966 2470.08118533145 89.2713014367488 Trimmed Mean ( 31 / 39 ) 220460.303571429 2414.73902275169 91.2977764860924 Trimmed Mean ( 32 / 39 ) 220436.203703704 2361.3707355664 93.3509509470692 Trimmed Mean ( 33 / 39 ) 220413.557692308 2302.98506851478 95.7077667179385 Trimmed Mean ( 34 / 39 ) 220394.96 2235.1958140875 98.6020815764521 Trimmed Mean ( 35 / 39 ) 220455.020833333 2176.35545652108 101.295503072707 Trimmed Mean ( 36 / 39 ) 220519.239130435 2101.31556105575 104.943418883569 Trimmed Mean ( 37 / 39 ) 220502.863636364 2036.315363496 108.285223197353 Trimmed Mean ( 38 / 39 ) 220490.642857143 1966.28658451129 112.135557753370 Trimmed Mean ( 39 / 39 ) 220476.675 1885.13825188020 116.955175452040 Median 219900 Midrange 219280 Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp 219929.559322034 Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p 220581.1 Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function 220581.1 Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging 220581.1 Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation 220507.362068966 Midmean - Closest Observation 220581.1 Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit 220581.1 Midmean - MS Excel (old versions) 220581.1 Number of observations 118

Charts produced by software:

http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku/1c5kq1293027251.png (open in new window) http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku/1c5kq1293027251.ps (open in new window) http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku/2nwjt1293027251.png (open in new window) http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Dec/22/t129302712365gxprll2mg0pku/2nwjt1293027251.ps (open in new window)

Parameters (Session):

Parameters (R input):

R code (references can be found in the software module):

geomean <- function(x) { return(exp(mean(log(x)))) } harmean <- function(x) { return(1/mean(1/x)) } quamean <- function(x) { return(sqrt(mean(x*x))) } winmean <- function(x) { x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) n<-length(x) denom <- 3 nodenom <- n/denom if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40 sqrtn = sqrt(n) roundnodenom = floor(nodenom) win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2)) for (j in 1:roundnodenom) { win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn } return(win) } trimean <- function(x) { x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) n<-length(x) denom <- 3 nodenom <- n/denom if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40 sqrtn = sqrt(n) roundnodenom = floor(nodenom) tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2)) for (j in 1:roundnodenom) { tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n) tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2) } return(tri) } midrange <- function(x) { return((max(x)+min(x))/2) } q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- n*p; i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1] } q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- (n+1)*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1] } q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- n*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i if (f==0) { qvalue <- data[i] } else { qvalue <- data[i+1] } } q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- n*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i if (f==0) { qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2 } else { qvalue <- data[i+1] } } q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- (n-1)*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i if (f==0) { qvalue <- data[i+1] } else { qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1]) } } q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- n*p+0.5 i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i qvalue <- data[i] } q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- (n+1)*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i if (f==0) { qvalue <- data[i] } else { qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1] } } q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { np <- (n+1)*p i <<- floor(np) f <<- np - i if (f==0) { qvalue <- data[i] } else { if (f == 0.5) { qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2 } else { if (f < 0.5) { qvalue <- data[i] } else { qvalue <- data[i+1] } } } } midmean <- function(x,def) { x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) n<-length(x) if (def==1) { qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==2) { qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==3) { qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==4) { qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==5) { qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==6) { qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==7) { qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f) } if (def==8) { qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f) qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f) } midm <- 0 myn <- 0 roundno4 <- round(n/4) round3no4 <- round(3*n/4) for (i in 1:n) { if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){ midm = midm + x[i] myn = myn + 1 } } midm = midm / myn return(midm) } (arm <- mean(x)) sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x)) (armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn) (armose <- arm / armse) (geo <- geomean(x)) (har <- harmean(x)) (qua <- quamean(x)) (win <- winmean(x)) (tri <- trimean(x)) (midr <- midrange(x)) midm <- array(NA,dim=8) for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j) midm bitmap(file='test1.png') lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2] ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2] if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax)) lines(ub,lty=3) lines(lb,lty=3) grid() dev.off() bitmap(file='test2.png') lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2] ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2] if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax)) lines(ub,lty=3) lines(lb,lty=3) grid() dev.off() load(file='createtable') a<-table.start() a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE) a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE) a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,arm) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean')) a<-table.element(a,armose) a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,geo) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,har) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,qua) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) { a<-table.row.start(a) mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j) mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/') mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1])) mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')') a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]) a<-table.element(a,win[j,2]) a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2]) a<-table.row.end(a) } for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) { a<-table.row.start(a) mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j) mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/') mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1])) mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')') a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]) a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2]) a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2]) a<-table.row.end(a) } a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,median(x)) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midr) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[1]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[2]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[3]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[4]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[5]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[6]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[7]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ') a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,midm[8]) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.row.start(a) a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE) a<-table.element(a,length(x)) a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.element(a,'') a<-table.row.end(a) a<-table.end(a) table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.

Software written by Ed van Stee & Patrick Wessa

Disclaimer

Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.

Privacy Policy

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

• personalize online software applications according to your needs
• enforce strict security rules with respect to the data that you upload (e.g. statistical data)
• manage user sessions of online applications
• alert you about important changes or upgrades in resources or applications

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.

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