R version 2.13.0 (2011-04-13)
Copyright (C) 2011 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Platform: i486-pc-linux-gnu (32-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
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Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
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> x <- array(list(1235,1019,162,30,12,4,8,1298,1093,162,12,13,8,10,1334,1119,146,29,20,3,17,1180,1015,114,17,22,3,9,1163,988,114,32,1,5,23,1066,900,140,9,6,4,7,1090,937,101,18,16,2,16,1082,907,140,9,5,2,19,993,839,115,10,8,1,20,987,830,128,9,1,5,14,1028,909,75,16,8,3,17,804,696,74,11,6,3,14,750,649,55,10,10,1,25,730,637,72,8,4,1,8,709,614,73,5,2,3,12,677,583,56,10,11,2,15,644,576,50,4,3,0,11),dim=c(7,17),dimnames=list(c('Ongevallen','Droog','Regen','Mist','Sneeuw','Wind','Andere'),1:17))
> y <- array(NA,dim=c(7,17),dimnames=list(c('Ongevallen','Droog','Regen','Mist','Sneeuw','Wind','Andere'),1:17))
> for (i in 1:dim(x)[1])
+ {
+ for (j in 1:dim(x)[2])
+ {
+ y[i,j] <- as.numeric(x[i,j])
+ }
+ }
> par3 = 'No Linear Trend'
> par2 = 'Do not include Seasonal Dummies'
> par1 = '1'
> #'GNU S' R Code compiled by R2WASP v. 1.0.44 ()
> #Author: Prof. Dr. P. Wessa
> #To cite this work: AUTHOR(S), (YEAR), YOUR SOFTWARE TITLE (vNUMBER) in Free Statistics Software (v$_version), Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_YOURPAGE.wasp/
> #Source of accompanying publication: Office for Research, Development, and Education
> #Technical description: Write here your technical program description (don't use hard returns!)
> library(lattice)
> library(lmtest)
Loading required package: zoo
> n25 <- 25 #minimum number of obs. for Goldfeld-Quandt test
> par1 <- as.numeric(par1)
> x <- t(y)
> k <- length(x[1,])
> n <- length(x[,1])
> x1 <- cbind(x[,par1], x[,1:k!=par1])
> mycolnames <- c(colnames(x)[par1], colnames(x)[1:k!=par1])
> colnames(x1) <- mycolnames #colnames(x)[par1]
> x <- x1
> if (par3 == 'First Differences'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n-1,k), dimnames=list(1:(n-1), paste('(1-B)',colnames(x),sep='')))
+ for (i in 1:n-1) {
+ for (j in 1:k) {
+ x2[i,j] <- x[i+1,j] - x[i,j]
+ }
+ }
+ x <- x2
+ }
> if (par2 == 'Include Monthly Dummies'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,11), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('M', seq(1:11), sep ='')))
+ for (i in 1:11){
+ x2[seq(i,n,12),i] <- 1
+ }
+ x <- cbind(x, x2)
+ }
> if (par2 == 'Include Quarterly Dummies'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,3), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('Q', seq(1:3), sep ='')))
+ for (i in 1:3){
+ x2[seq(i,n,4),i] <- 1
+ }
+ x <- cbind(x, x2)
+ }
> k <- length(x[1,])
> if (par3 == 'Linear Trend'){
+ x <- cbind(x, c(1:n))
+ colnames(x)[k+1] <- 't'
+ }
> x
Ongevallen Droog Regen Mist Sneeuw Wind Andere
1 1235 1019 162 30 12 4 8
2 1298 1093 162 12 13 8 10
3 1334 1119 146 29 20 3 17
4 1180 1015 114 17 22 3 9
5 1163 988 114 32 1 5 23
6 1066 900 140 9 6 4 7
7 1090 937 101 18 16 2 16
8 1082 907 140 9 5 2 19
9 993 839 115 10 8 1 20
10 987 830 128 9 1 5 14
11 1028 909 75 16 8 3 17
12 804 696 74 11 6 3 14
13 750 649 55 10 10 1 25
14 730 637 72 8 4 1 8
15 709 614 73 5 2 3 12
16 677 583 56 10 11 2 15
17 644 576 50 4 3 0 11
> k <- length(x[1,])
> df <- as.data.frame(x)
> (mylm <- lm(df))
Call:
lm(formula = df)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) Droog Regen Mist Sneeuw Wind
-1.533e-13 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00
Andere
1.000e+00
> (mysum <- summary(mylm))
Call:
lm(formula = df)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.842e-13 -4.808e-14 1.243e-14 4.971e-14 1.387e-13
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -1.533e-13 1.820e-13 -8.420e-01 0.419
Droog 1.000e+00 4.530e-16 2.207e+15 <2e-16 ***
Regen 1.000e+00 1.590e-15 6.291e+14 <2e-16 ***
Mist 1.000e+00 4.437e-15 2.254e+14 <2e-16 ***
Sneeuw 1.000e+00 5.747e-15 1.740e+14 <2e-16 ***
Wind 1.000e+00 1.919e-14 5.210e+13 <2e-16 ***
Andere 1.000e+00 5.509e-15 1.815e+14 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 9.963e-14 on 10 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: 1
F-statistic: 1.379e+31 on 6 and 10 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
> if (n > n25) {
+ kp3 <- k + 3
+ nmkm3 <- n - k - 3
+ gqarr <- array(NA, dim=c(nmkm3-kp3+1,3))
+ numgqtests <- 0
+ numsignificant1 <- 0
+ numsignificant5 <- 0
+ numsignificant10 <- 0
+ for (mypoint in kp3:nmkm3) {
+ j <- 0
+ numgqtests <- numgqtests + 1
+ for (myalt in c('greater', 'two.sided', 'less')) {
+ j <- j + 1
+ gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,j] <- gqtest(mylm, point=mypoint, alternative=myalt)$p.value
+ }
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.01) numsignificant1 <- numsignificant1 + 1
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.05) numsignificant5 <- numsignificant5 + 1
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.10) numsignificant10 <- numsignificant10 + 1
+ }
+ gqarr
+ }
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/1e2521322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> plot(x[,1], type='l', main='Actuals and Interpolation', ylab='value of Actuals and Interpolation (dots)', xlab='time or index')
> points(x[,1]-mysum$resid)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/2egja1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> plot(mysum$resid, type='b', pch=19, main='Residuals', ylab='value of Residuals', xlab='time or index')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/32riu1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> hist(mysum$resid, main='Residual Histogram', xlab='values of Residuals')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/419rr1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> densityplot(~mysum$resid,col='black',main='Residual Density Plot', xlab='values of Residuals')
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/5ln3o1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> qqnorm(mysum$resid, main='Residual Normal Q-Q Plot')
> qqline(mysum$resid)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> (myerror <- as.ts(mysum$resid))
Time Series:
Start = 1
End = 17
Frequency = 1
1 2 3 4 5
-1.842254e-13 -6.187463e-14 1.387100e-13 4.104783e-14 7.328696e-14
6 7 8 9 10
8.140988e-14 -1.325966e-14 -9.887293e-15 -2.207665e-14 3.848126e-14
11 12 13 14 15
-9.875584e-14 1.243444e-14 -8.177616e-14 6.836746e-14 1.649030e-14
16 17
4.970837e-14 -4.808096e-14
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/6fw651322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> dum <- cbind(lag(myerror,k=1),myerror)
> dum
Time Series:
Start = 0
End = 17
Frequency = 1
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
0 -1.842254e-13 NA
1 -6.187463e-14 -1.842254e-13
2 1.387100e-13 -6.187463e-14
3 4.104783e-14 1.387100e-13
4 7.328696e-14 4.104783e-14
5 8.140988e-14 7.328696e-14
6 -1.325966e-14 8.140988e-14
7 -9.887293e-15 -1.325966e-14
8 -2.207665e-14 -9.887293e-15
9 3.848126e-14 -2.207665e-14
10 -9.875584e-14 3.848126e-14
11 1.243444e-14 -9.875584e-14
12 -8.177616e-14 1.243444e-14
13 6.836746e-14 -8.177616e-14
14 1.649030e-14 6.836746e-14
15 4.970837e-14 1.649030e-14
16 -4.808096e-14 4.970837e-14
17 NA -4.808096e-14
> dum1 <- dum[2:length(myerror),]
> dum1
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
[1,] -6.187463e-14 -1.842254e-13
[2,] 1.387100e-13 -6.187463e-14
[3,] 4.104783e-14 1.387100e-13
[4,] 7.328696e-14 4.104783e-14
[5,] 8.140988e-14 7.328696e-14
[6,] -1.325966e-14 8.140988e-14
[7,] -9.887293e-15 -1.325966e-14
[8,] -2.207665e-14 -9.887293e-15
[9,] 3.848126e-14 -2.207665e-14
[10,] -9.875584e-14 3.848126e-14
[11,] 1.243444e-14 -9.875584e-14
[12,] -8.177616e-14 1.243444e-14
[13,] 6.836746e-14 -8.177616e-14
[14,] 1.649030e-14 6.836746e-14
[15,] 4.970837e-14 1.649030e-14
[16,] -4.808096e-14 4.970837e-14
> z <- as.data.frame(dum1)
> z
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
1 -6.187463e-14 -1.842254e-13
2 1.387100e-13 -6.187463e-14
3 4.104783e-14 1.387100e-13
4 7.328696e-14 4.104783e-14
5 8.140988e-14 7.328696e-14
6 -1.325966e-14 8.140988e-14
7 -9.887293e-15 -1.325966e-14
8 -2.207665e-14 -9.887293e-15
9 3.848126e-14 -2.207665e-14
10 -9.875584e-14 3.848126e-14
11 1.243444e-14 -9.875584e-14
12 -8.177616e-14 1.243444e-14
13 6.836746e-14 -8.177616e-14
14 1.649030e-14 6.836746e-14
15 4.970837e-14 1.649030e-14
16 -4.808096e-14 4.970837e-14
> plot(z,main=paste('Residual Lag plot, lowess, and regression line'), ylab='values of Residuals', xlab='lagged values of Residuals')
> lines(lowess(z))
> abline(lm(z))
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/7mfs21322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> acf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Autocorrelation Function')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/84qxi1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> pacf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Partial Autocorrelation Function')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/9s2k71322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2,2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
> plot(mylm, las = 1, sub='Residual Diagnostics')
> par(opar)
> dev.off()
null device
1
> if (n > n25) {
+ postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/10j4il1322150241.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
+ plot(kp3:nmkm3,gqarr[,2], main='Goldfeld-Quandt test',ylab='2-sided p-value',xlab='breakpoint')
+ grid()
+ dev.off()
+ }
>
> #Note: the /var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab
> load(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable")
>
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Estimated Regression Equation', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> myeq <- colnames(x)[1]
> myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t] = ', sep='')
> for (i in 1:k){
+ if (mysum$coefficients[i,1] > 0) myeq <- paste(myeq, '+', '')
+ myeq <- paste(myeq, mysum$coefficients[i,1], sep=' ')
+ if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != '(Intercept)') {
+ myeq <- paste(myeq, rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i], sep='')
+ if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != 't') myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t]', sep='')
+ }
+ }
> myeq <- paste(myeq, ' + e[t]')
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, myeq)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/11v0fw1322150241.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/ols1.htm','Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares',''), 6, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Variable',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Parameter',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'S.D.',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'T-STAT
H0: parameter = 0',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'2-tail p-value',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'1-tail p-value',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in 1:k){
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i],header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,mysum$coefficients[i,1])
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,2],6))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,3],4))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4],6))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4]/2,6))
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/12a6ov1322150241.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Regression Statistics', 2, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple R',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, sqrt(mysum$r.squared))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'R-squared',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$r.squared)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Adjusted R-squared',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$adj.r.squared)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (value)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[1])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF numerator)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[2])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF denominator)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[3])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'p-value',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 1-pf(mysum$fstatistic[1],mysum$fstatistic[2],mysum$fstatistic[3]))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Residual Statistics', 2, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Residual Standard Deviation',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$sigma)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Sum Squared Residuals',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, sum(myerror*myerror))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/13urk91322150241.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Actuals, Interpolation, and Residuals', 4, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Time or Index', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Actuals', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Interpolation
Forecast', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Residuals
Prediction Error', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in 1:n) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,i, 1, TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,x[i])
+ a<-table.element(a,x[i]-mysum$resid[i])
+ a<-table.element(a,mysum$resid[i])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/14oqea1322150241.tab")
> if (n > n25) {
+ a<-table.start()
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Goldfeld-Quandt test for Heteroskedasticity',4,TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'p-values',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Alternative Hypothesis',3,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'breakpoint index',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'greater',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'2-sided',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'less',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ for (mypoint in kp3:nmkm3) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,mypoint,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,1])
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2])
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,3])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
+ a<-table.end(a)
+ table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/1556da1322150241.tab")
+ a<-table.start()
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Meta Analysis of Goldfeld-Quandt test for Heteroskedasticity',4,TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Description',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'# significant tests',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'% significant tests',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'OK/NOK',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'1% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant1)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant1/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant1/numgqtests < 0.01) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'5% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant5)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant5/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant5/numgqtests < 0.05) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'10% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant10)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant10/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant10/numgqtests < 0.1) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.end(a)
+ table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/16xasq1322150241.tab")
+ }
>
> try(system("convert tmp/1e2521322150241.ps tmp/1e2521322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/2egja1322150241.ps tmp/2egja1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/32riu1322150241.ps tmp/32riu1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/419rr1322150241.ps tmp/419rr1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/5ln3o1322150241.ps tmp/5ln3o1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/6fw651322150241.ps tmp/6fw651322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/7mfs21322150241.ps tmp/7mfs21322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/84qxi1322150241.ps tmp/84qxi1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/9s2k71322150241.ps tmp/9s2k71322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/10j4il1322150241.ps tmp/10j4il1322150241.png",intern=TRUE))
convert: unable to open image `tmp/10j4il1322150241.ps': No such file or directory @ blob.c/OpenBlob/2480.
convert: missing an image filename `tmp/10j4il1322150241.png' @ convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/2838.
character(0)
Warning message:
running command 'convert tmp/10j4il1322150241.ps tmp/10j4il1322150241.png' had status 1
>
>
> proc.time()
user system elapsed
2.607 0.631 3.818