R version 2.13.0 (2011-04-13)
Copyright (C) 2011 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Platform: i486-pc-linux-gnu (32-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
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> x <- array(list(1998,13509,62845,37905,1999,14142,62035,37993,2000,14755,62571,39070,2001,15495,61141,38736,2002,15096,60463,37537,2003,15930,60703,37372,2004,16436,63035,37824,2005,16705,64512,38405,2006,17415,66137,38977,2007,17613,67231,39251,2008,17925,69.559,39.721),dim=c(4,11),dimnames=list(c('Jaar','Brussel','Vlaanderen','Wallonie'),1:11))
> y <- array(NA,dim=c(4,11),dimnames=list(c('Jaar','Brussel','Vlaanderen','Wallonie'),1:11))
> for (i in 1:dim(x)[1])
+ {
+ for (j in 1:dim(x)[2])
+ {
+ y[i,j] <- as.numeric(x[i,j])
+ }
+ }
> par3 = 'Linear Trend'
> par2 = 'Do not include Seasonal Dummies'
> par1 = '1'
> library(lattice)
> library(lmtest)
Loading required package: zoo
> n25 <- 25 #minimum number of obs. for Goldfeld-Quandt test
> par1 <- as.numeric(par1)
> x <- t(y)
> k <- length(x[1,])
> n <- length(x[,1])
> x1 <- cbind(x[,par1], x[,1:k!=par1])
> mycolnames <- c(colnames(x)[par1], colnames(x)[1:k!=par1])
> colnames(x1) <- mycolnames #colnames(x)[par1]
> x <- x1
> if (par3 == 'First Differences'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n-1,k), dimnames=list(1:(n-1), paste('(1-B)',colnames(x),sep='')))
+ for (i in 1:n-1) {
+ for (j in 1:k) {
+ x2[i,j] <- x[i+1,j] - x[i,j]
+ }
+ }
+ x <- x2
+ }
> if (par2 == 'Include Monthly Dummies'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,11), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('M', seq(1:11), sep ='')))
+ for (i in 1:11){
+ x2[seq(i,n,12),i] <- 1
+ }
+ x <- cbind(x, x2)
+ }
> if (par2 == 'Include Quarterly Dummies'){
+ x2 <- array(0, dim=c(n,3), dimnames=list(1:n, paste('Q', seq(1:3), sep ='')))
+ for (i in 1:3){
+ x2[seq(i,n,4),i] <- 1
+ }
+ x <- cbind(x, x2)
+ }
> k <- length(x[1,])
> if (par3 == 'Linear Trend'){
+ x <- cbind(x, c(1:n))
+ colnames(x)[k+1] <- 't'
+ }
> x
Jaar Brussel Vlaanderen Wallonie t
1 1998 13509 62845.000 37905.000 1
2 1999 14142 62035.000 37993.000 2
3 2000 14755 62571.000 39070.000 3
4 2001 15495 61141.000 38736.000 4
5 2002 15096 60463.000 37537.000 5
6 2003 15930 60703.000 37372.000 6
7 2004 16436 63035.000 37824.000 7
8 2005 16705 64512.000 38405.000 8
9 2006 17415 66137.000 38977.000 9
10 2007 17613 67231.000 39251.000 10
11 2008 17925 69.559 39.721 11
> k <- length(x[1,])
> df <- as.data.frame(x)
> (mylm <- lm(df))
Call:
lm(formula = df)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) Brussel Vlaanderen Wallonie t
1.997e+03 2.351e-17 -4.909e-17 8.503e-17 1.000e+00
> (mysum <- summary(mylm))
Call:
lm(formula = df)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.037e-13 -1.287e-14 -2.249e-15 1.190e-14 1.358e-13
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 1.997e+03 1.565e-12 1.276e+15 <2e-16 ***
Brussel 2.351e-17 1.229e-16 1.910e-01 0.8545
Vlaanderen -4.909e-17 2.246e-17 -2.186e+00 0.0715 .
Wallonie 8.503e-17 3.862e-17 2.202e+00 0.0699 .
t 1.000e+00 5.937e-14 1.684e+13 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 7.522e-14 on 6 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: 1
F-statistic: 4.86e+27 on 4 and 6 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
> if (n > n25) {
+ kp3 <- k + 3
+ nmkm3 <- n - k - 3
+ gqarr <- array(NA, dim=c(nmkm3-kp3+1,3))
+ numgqtests <- 0
+ numsignificant1 <- 0
+ numsignificant5 <- 0
+ numsignificant10 <- 0
+ for (mypoint in kp3:nmkm3) {
+ j <- 0
+ numgqtests <- numgqtests + 1
+ for (myalt in c('greater', 'two.sided', 'less')) {
+ j <- j + 1
+ gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,j] <- gqtest(mylm, point=mypoint, alternative=myalt)$p.value
+ }
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.01) numsignificant1 <- numsignificant1 + 1
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.05) numsignificant5 <- numsignificant5 + 1
+ if (gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2] < 0.10) numsignificant10 <- numsignificant10 + 1
+ }
+ gqarr
+ }
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/170y41322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> plot(x[,1], type='l', main='Actuals and Interpolation', ylab='value of Actuals and Interpolation (dots)', xlab='time or index')
> points(x[,1]-mysum$resid)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/2ttzj1322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> plot(mysum$resid, type='b', pch=19, main='Residuals', ylab='value of Residuals', xlab='time or index')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/3z28b1322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> hist(mysum$resid, main='Residual Histogram', xlab='values of Residuals')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/44j5m1322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> densityplot(~mysum$resid,col='black',main='Residual Density Plot', xlab='values of Residuals')
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/5p0uq1322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> qqnorm(mysum$resid, main='Residual Normal Q-Q Plot')
> qqline(mysum$resid)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> (myerror <- as.ts(mysum$resid))
Time Series:
Start = 1
End = 11
Frequency = 1
1 2 3 4 5
-1.036869e-13 1.358163e-13 3.047911e-14 -5.470078e-14 -2.248844e-15
6 7 8 9 10
-2.178412e-14 1.638229e-14 7.415516e-15 -3.902120e-15 -3.963431e-15
11
1.929235e-16
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/642pa1322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> dum <- cbind(lag(myerror,k=1),myerror)
> dum
Time Series:
Start = 0
End = 11
Frequency = 1
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
0 -1.036869e-13 NA
1 1.358163e-13 -1.036869e-13
2 3.047911e-14 1.358163e-13
3 -5.470078e-14 3.047911e-14
4 -2.248844e-15 -5.470078e-14
5 -2.178412e-14 -2.248844e-15
6 1.638229e-14 -2.178412e-14
7 7.415516e-15 1.638229e-14
8 -3.902120e-15 7.415516e-15
9 -3.963431e-15 -3.902120e-15
10 1.929235e-16 -3.963431e-15
11 NA 1.929235e-16
> dum1 <- dum[2:length(myerror),]
> dum1
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
[1,] 1.358163e-13 -1.036869e-13
[2,] 3.047911e-14 1.358163e-13
[3,] -5.470078e-14 3.047911e-14
[4,] -2.248844e-15 -5.470078e-14
[5,] -2.178412e-14 -2.248844e-15
[6,] 1.638229e-14 -2.178412e-14
[7,] 7.415516e-15 1.638229e-14
[8,] -3.902120e-15 7.415516e-15
[9,] -3.963431e-15 -3.902120e-15
[10,] 1.929235e-16 -3.963431e-15
> z <- as.data.frame(dum1)
> z
lag(myerror, k = 1) myerror
1 1.358163e-13 -1.036869e-13
2 3.047911e-14 1.358163e-13
3 -5.470078e-14 3.047911e-14
4 -2.248844e-15 -5.470078e-14
5 -2.178412e-14 -2.248844e-15
6 1.638229e-14 -2.178412e-14
7 7.415516e-15 1.638229e-14
8 -3.902120e-15 7.415516e-15
9 -3.963431e-15 -3.902120e-15
10 1.929235e-16 -3.963431e-15
> plot(z,main=paste('Residual Lag plot, lowess, and regression line'), ylab='values of Residuals', xlab='lagged values of Residuals')
> lines(lowess(z))
> abline(lm(z))
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/7tzj31322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> acf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Autocorrelation Function')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/8t7b01322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> pacf(mysum$resid, lag.max=length(mysum$resid)/2, main='Residual Partial Autocorrelation Function')
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device
1
> postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/98a511322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2,2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
> plot(mylm, las = 1, sub='Residual Diagnostics')
Warning messages:
1: In sqrt(crit * p * (1 - hh)/hh) : NaNs produced
2: In sqrt(crit * p * (1 - hh)/hh) : NaNs produced
> par(opar)
> dev.off()
null device
1
> if (n > n25) {
+ postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/1045l31322172277.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556)
+ plot(kp3:nmkm3,gqarr[,2], main='Goldfeld-Quandt test',ylab='2-sided p-value',xlab='breakpoint')
+ grid()
+ dev.off()
+ }
>
> #Note: the /var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab
> load(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable")
>
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Estimated Regression Equation', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> myeq <- colnames(x)[1]
> myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t] = ', sep='')
> for (i in 1:k){
+ if (mysum$coefficients[i,1] > 0) myeq <- paste(myeq, '+', '')
+ myeq <- paste(myeq, mysum$coefficients[i,1], sep=' ')
+ if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != '(Intercept)') {
+ myeq <- paste(myeq, rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i], sep='')
+ if (rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i] != 't') myeq <- paste(myeq, '[t]', sep='')
+ }
+ }
> myeq <- paste(myeq, ' + e[t]')
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, myeq)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/117tfc1322172277.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/ols1.htm','Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares',''), 6, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Variable',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Parameter',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'S.D.',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'T-STAT
H0: parameter = 0',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'2-tail p-value',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'1-tail p-value',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in 1:k){
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,rownames(mysum$coefficients)[i],header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,mysum$coefficients[i,1])
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,2],6))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,3],4))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4],6))
+ a<-table.element(a, round(mysum$coefficients[i,4]/2,6))
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/12dlz21322172277.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Regression Statistics', 2, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple R',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, sqrt(mysum$r.squared))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'R-squared',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$r.squared)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Adjusted R-squared',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$adj.r.squared)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (value)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[1])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF numerator)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[2])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'F-TEST (DF denominator)',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$fstatistic[3])
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'p-value',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 1-pf(mysum$fstatistic[1],mysum$fstatistic[2],mysum$fstatistic[3]))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Residual Statistics', 2, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Residual Standard Deviation',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, mysum$sigma)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Sum Squared Residuals',1,TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, sum(myerror*myerror))
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/13mtsq1322172277.tab")
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Multiple Linear Regression - Actuals, Interpolation, and Residuals', 4, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Time or Index', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Actuals', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Interpolation
Forecast', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a, 'Residuals
Prediction Error', 1, TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (i in 1:n) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,i, 1, TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,x[i])
+ a<-table.element(a,x[i]-mysum$resid[i])
+ a<-table.element(a,mysum$resid[i])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/14wi1q1322172277.tab")
> if (n > n25) {
+ a<-table.start()
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Goldfeld-Quandt test for Heteroskedasticity',4,TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'p-values',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Alternative Hypothesis',3,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'breakpoint index',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'greater',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'2-sided',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'less',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ for (mypoint in kp3:nmkm3) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,mypoint,header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,1])
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,2])
+ a<-table.element(a,gqarr[mypoint-kp3+1,3])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
+ a<-table.end(a)
+ table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/15hltb1322172277.tab")
+ a<-table.start()
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Meta Analysis of Goldfeld-Quandt test for Heteroskedasticity',4,TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'Description',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'# significant tests',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'% significant tests',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,'OK/NOK',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'1% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant1)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant1/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant1/numgqtests < 0.01) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'5% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant5)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant5/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant5/numgqtests < 0.05) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ a<-table.element(a,'10% type I error level',header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant10)
+ a<-table.element(a,numsignificant10/numgqtests)
+ if (numsignificant10/numgqtests < 0.1) dum <- 'OK' else dum <- 'NOK'
+ a<-table.element(a,dum)
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ a<-table.end(a)
+ table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/16s5c11322172277.tab")
+ }
>
> try(system("convert tmp/170y41322172277.ps tmp/170y41322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/2ttzj1322172277.ps tmp/2ttzj1322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/3z28b1322172277.ps tmp/3z28b1322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/44j5m1322172277.ps tmp/44j5m1322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/5p0uq1322172277.ps tmp/5p0uq1322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/642pa1322172277.ps tmp/642pa1322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/7tzj31322172277.ps tmp/7tzj31322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/8t7b01322172277.ps tmp/8t7b01322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/98a511322172277.ps tmp/98a511322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/1045l31322172277.ps tmp/1045l31322172277.png",intern=TRUE))
convert: unable to open image `tmp/1045l31322172277.ps': No such file or directory @ blob.c/OpenBlob/2480.
convert: missing an image filename `tmp/1045l31322172277.png' @ convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/2838.
character(0)
Warning message:
running command 'convert tmp/1045l31322172277.ps tmp/1045l31322172277.png' had status 1
>
>
> proc.time()
user system elapsed
2.562 0.445 3.026