R version 2.12.0 (2010-10-15)
Copyright (C) 2010 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Platform: i486-pc-linux-gnu (32-bit)

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> x <- c(3.9,5.9,5.7,3.6,4.9,5.3,8.7,6.8,8.9,9.6,11.2,9.9,9.3,9.2,9.4,12.7,13.6,16.1,14.8,14.1,13.2,8.7,4.9,-1.3,-3.9,-6,-6.6,-8.7,-11.6,-14.6,-12.9,-13.8,-14.1,-13.2,-10.4,-3.3,1,3.1,4.5,1.9,3.9,7,5.6,8.1,6.1,8,6.5,5.6,4.8,5.1,7.8,10.3,8.6,6.8,4.9,5.4,5.5,4.7,4.2,5,5,6,2.9,3.6,5.1,2.9,4.7,3,5,2.6,3.2,2.4,3.2,2.6,2.4,2.1,2.7,4.4,4.3,4.2,5.5,8.8,10.1,7,5.7,5.2,5.5,7.3,5.9,7.1,6.9,6.7,4.7,6.7,8.5,2.1,-0.9,-4.7,4.8,2.6,1.7,-1.8,0.2,1.9,3.2,3.1,4.2,16.2,18.3,21.6,12.6,9.8,10.6,13,9.7,7.9,3.3,3.4,0.4,0.7,1.4,3.8,4,8,6,5.8,3.9,6.4,11)
> ylimmax = ''
> ylimmin = ''
> main = 'Robustness of Central Tendency'
> #'GNU S' R Code compiled by R2WASP v. 1.0.44 ()
> #Author: Prof. Dr. P. Wessa
> #To cite this work: AUTHOR(S), (YEAR), YOUR SOFTWARE TITLE (vNUMBER) in Free Statistics Software (v$_version), Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_YOURPAGE.wasp/
> #Source of accompanying publication: Office for Research, Development, and Education
> #Technical description: Write here your technical program description (don't use hard returns!)
> geomean <- function(x) {
+ return(exp(mean(log(x))))
+ }
> harmean <- function(x) {
+ return(1/mean(1/x))
+ }
> quamean <- function(x) {
+ return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
+ }
> winmean <- function(x) {
+ x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
+ n<-length(x)
+ denom <- 3
+ nodenom <- n/denom
+ if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
+ sqrtn = sqrt(n)
+ roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
+ win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
+ for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
+ win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
+ win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
+ }
+ return(win)
+ }
> trimean <- function(x) {
+ x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
+ n<-length(x)
+ denom <- 3
+ nodenom <- n/denom
+ if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
+ sqrtn = sqrt(n)
+ roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
+ tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
+ for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
+ tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
+ tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
+ }
+ return(tri)
+ }
> midrange <- function(x) {
+ return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
+ }
> q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- n*p;
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
+ }
> q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- (n+1)*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
+ }
> q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- n*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ if (f==0) {
+ qvalue <- data[i]
+ } else {
+ qvalue <- data[i+1]
+ }
+ }
> q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- n*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ if (f==0) {
+ qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
+ } else {
+ qvalue <- data[i+1]
+ }
+ }
> q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- (n-1)*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ if (f==0) {
+ qvalue <- data[i+1]
+ } else {
+ qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
+ }
+ }
> q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- n*p+0.5
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ qvalue <- data[i]
+ }
> q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- (n+1)*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ if (f==0) {
+ qvalue <- data[i]
+ } else {
+ qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
+ }
+ }
> q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
+ np <- (n+1)*p
+ i <<- floor(np)
+ f <<- np - i
+ if (f==0) {
+ qvalue <- data[i]
+ } else {
+ if (f == 0.5) {
+ qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
+ } else {
+ if (f < 0.5) {
+ qvalue <- data[i]
+ } else {
+ qvalue <- data[i+1]
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
> midmean <- function(x,def) {
+ x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
+ n<-length(x)
+ if (def==1) {
+ qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==2) {
+ qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==3) {
+ qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==4) {
+ qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==5) {
+ qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==6) {
+ qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==7) {
+ qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ if (def==8) {
+ qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
+ qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
+ }
+ midm <- 0
+ myn <- 0
+ roundno4 <- round(n/4)
+ round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
+ for (i in 1:n) {
+ if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
+ midm = midm + x[i]
+ myn = myn + 1
+ }
+ }
+ midm = midm / myn
+ return(midm)
+ }
> (arm <- mean(x))
[1] 4.593023
> sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
> (armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
[1] 0.5477924
> (armose <- arm / armse)
[1] 8.384605
> (geo <- geomean(x))
[1] NaN
Warning message:
In log(x) : NaNs produced
> (har <- harmean(x))
[1] 4.572839
> (qua <- quamean(x))
[1] 7.713991
> (win <- winmean(x))
          [,1]      [,2]
 [1,] 4.571318 0.5410982
 [2,] 4.543411 0.5338401
 [3,] 4.555039 0.5297439
 [4,] 4.524031 0.5207687
 [5,] 4.547287 0.5037674
 [6,] 4.579845 0.4866562
 [7,] 4.650388 0.4619931
 [8,] 4.768217 0.4320438
 [9,] 4.789147 0.4204473
[10,] 4.882171 0.3997387
[11,] 4.831008 0.3699904
[12,] 4.868217 0.3573613
[13,] 4.979070 0.3261193
[14,] 5.000775 0.3130992
[15,] 5.024031 0.3028266
[16,] 5.135659 0.2796813
[17,] 5.148837 0.2743322
[18,] 5.176744 0.2669100
[19,] 5.206202 0.2592633
[20,] 5.237209 0.2474826
[21,] 5.269767 0.2395404
[22,] 5.286822 0.2333828
[23,] 5.233333 0.2264952
[24,] 5.251938 0.2199231
[25,] 5.232558 0.2174948
[26,] 5.293023 0.2108497
[27,] 5.272093 0.2082218
[28,] 5.293798 0.2008996
[29,] 5.203876 0.1899306
[30,] 5.180620 0.1871770
[31,] 5.204651 0.1846090
[32,] 5.229457 0.1764866
[33,] 5.203876 0.1734790
[34,] 5.098450 0.1557209
[35,] 5.071318 0.1469456
[36,] 5.043411 0.1439588
[37,] 5.072093 0.1409580
[38,] 5.042636 0.1378333
[39,] 5.012403 0.1346741
[40,] 5.043411 0.1314372
[41,] 5.043411 0.1248490
[42,] 5.108527 0.1182531
[43,] 5.041860 0.1113349
> (tri <- trimean(x))
          [,1]      [,2]
 [1,] 4.610236 0.5182108
 [2,] 4.650400 0.4924941
 [3,] 4.706504 0.4679046
 [4,] 4.760331 0.4418320
 [5,] 4.824370 0.4152553
 [6,] 4.885470 0.3900778
 [7,] 4.942609 0.3658956
 [8,] 4.990265 0.3443374
 [9,] 5.022523 0.3265477
[10,] 5.053211 0.3086492
[11,] 5.073832 0.2923414
[12,] 5.100952 0.2791913
[13,] 5.125243 0.2664276
[14,] 5.139604 0.2571361
[15,] 5.152525 0.2486175
[16,] 5.163918 0.2404900
[17,] 5.166316 0.2346025
[18,] 5.167742 0.2286471
[19,] 5.167033 0.2228687
[20,] 5.164045 0.2172893
[21,] 5.158621 0.2124409
[22,] 5.150588 0.2078813
[23,] 5.140964 0.2034021
[24,] 5.134568 0.1991274
[25,] 5.126582 0.1949934
[26,] 5.119481 0.1904956
[27,] 5.108000 0.1860617
[28,] 5.097260 0.1812141
[29,] 5.084507 0.1764694
[30,] 5.076812 0.1724299
[31,] 5.070149 0.1680093
[32,] 5.061538 0.1630640
[33,] 5.050794 0.1582979
[34,] 5.040984 0.1530095
[35,] 5.037288 0.1494369
[36,] 5.035088 0.1463955
[37,] 5.034545 0.1430834
[38,] 5.032075 0.1394259
[39,] 5.031373 0.1353714
[40,] 5.032653 0.1308134
[41,] 5.031915 0.1256291
[42,] 5.031111 0.1203456
[43,] 5.025581 0.1148977
> (midr <- midrange(x))
[1] 3.5
> midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
> for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
> midm
[1] 5.017188 5.061538 5.061538 5.061538 5.061538 5.025758 5.061538 5.061538
> postscript(file="/var/www/rcomp/tmp/1lg871332610491.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) 
> lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
> ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
> if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
> lines(ub,lty=3)
> lines(lb,lty=3)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
> postscript(file="/var/www/rcomp/tmp/26uli1332610491.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) 
> lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
> ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
> if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
> lines(ub,lty=3)
> lines(lb,lty=3)
> grid()
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
> 
> #Note: the /var/www/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab
> load(file="/var/www/rcomp/createtable")
> 
> a<-table.start()
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,arm)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))
> a<-table.element(a,armose)
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,geo)
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,har)
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,qua)
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
+ a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])
+ a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])
+ a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
+ a<-table.row.start(a)
+ mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
+ mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
+ a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)
+ a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])
+ a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])
+ a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])
+ a<-table.row.end(a)
+ }
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,median(x))
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midr)
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[1])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[2])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[3])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[4])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[5])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[6])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[7])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
> mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')
> a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,midm[8])
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.row.start(a)
> a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
> a<-table.element(a,length(x))
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.element(a,'')
> a<-table.row.end(a)
> a<-table.end(a)
> table.save(a,file="/var/www/rcomp/tmp/30f6k1332610491.tab") 
> 
> try(system("convert tmp/1lg871332610491.ps tmp/1lg871332610491.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> try(system("convert tmp/26uli1332610491.ps tmp/26uli1332610491.png",intern=TRUE))
character(0)
> 
> 
> proc.time()
   user  system elapsed 
   1.46    0.16    1.59