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Type 'q()' to quit R. > x <- c(71.97 + ,72.32 + ,74.07 + ,77.95 + ,81.75 + ,80.81 + ,74.1 + ,71.37 + ,75.21 + ,76.9 + ,74.44 + ,74.76 + ,76.23 + ,76.97 + ,78.4 + ,78.6 + ,80.08 + ,81.12 + ,80.31 + ,84.59 + ,81.34 + ,80.95 + ,80.48 + ,75.26 + ,76.32 + ,78.92 + ,80.47 + ,83.14 + ,85.42 + ,81.53 + ,87.31 + ,86.01 + ,85.1 + ,79.91 + ,78.6 + ,78.6 + ,79.37 + ,82.89 + ,84.43 + ,85.32 + ,87.71 + ,84.68 + ,80.62 + ,84.79 + ,85.49 + ,81.68 + ,77.69 + ,78.31 + ,79.18 + ,80.91 + ,83.91 + ,86.3 + ,89.76 + ,85.11 + ,83.81 + ,85.36 + ,85.89 + ,82.59 + ,80.87 + ,80.27 + ,81.36 + ,84.81 + ,90.3 + ,95.43 + ,97.59 + ,97.8 + ,99.48 + ,97.52 + ,104.39 + ,97.74 + ,91.37 + ,92.42 + ,96.9 + ,101.58 + ,105.46 + ,110.06 + ,107.9 + ,102.87 + ,96.28 + ,98.59 + ,103.22 + ,98.6 + ,91.79 + ,93.83 + ,95.17 + ,95.19 + ,99.44 + ,109.18 + ,109.15 + ,109.72 + ,108.41 + ,102.96 + ,107.64 + ,97.28 + ,97.25 + ,91.84 + ,94.12 + ,97.86 + ,98.83 + ,102.29 + ,104.49 + ,102.11 + ,102.14 + ,101.28 + ,101.21 + ,94.2 + ,88.47 + ,88.08 + ,88.02 + ,92.95 + ,97.05 + ,101.44 + ,100.34 + ,99.98 + ,94.17 + ,94.54 + ,95.12 + ,98.04 + ,93.72 + ,93.83 + ,93.03 + ,95.81 + ,99.1 + ,100.12 + ,100.67 + ,103.87 + ,102.39 + ,107.21 + ,105.71 + ,99.79 + ,96.12 + ,96.17 + ,97.23 + ,98.08 + ,99.84 + ,99.72 + ,99.92 + ,102.7 + ,102.06 + ,102.36 + ,102.43 + ,100.6 + ,98.4 + ,98.61 + ,103.03 + ,104.7 + ,107.45 + ,109.67 + ,110.54 + ,112.05 + ,113.19 + ,114.2 + ,112.56 + ,107.36 + ,103.93 + ,103.83 + ,104.74 + ,107.5 + ,109.53 + ,109.42 + ,108.6 + ,110.72 + ,105.1 + ,105.19 + ,102.55 + ,101.25 + ,101.56 + ,101.62 + ,101.7 + ,102.94 + ,104.37 + ,106.93 + ,107.82 + ,110.83 + ,106.86 + ,109.46 + ,108.8 + ,108.69 + ,107.77 + ,108.64 + ,108.5 + ,113.84 + ,114.59 + ,116.27 + ,113.63 + ,112.29 + ,110.31 + ,108.47 + ,110.67 + ,109.1 + ,107.02 + ,108.12 + ,106.69 + ,109.87 + ,110.82 + ,114.14 + ,113.31 + ,115.16 + ,111.06 + ,111.13 + ,115.96 + ,117.57 + ,114.69 + ,119.42 + ,118.4 + ,123.32 + ,123.39 + ,127.04 + ,129.35 + ,127.12 + ,122.1 + ,120.22 + ,121.53 + ,119.01 + ,114.27 + ,114.46) > ylimmax = '' > ylimmin = '' > main = 'Robustness of Central Tendency' > #'GNU S' R Code compiled by R2WASP v. 1.2.291 () > #Author: root > #To cite this work: Wessa, P., (2012), Central Tendency (v1.0.4) in Free Statistics Software (v$_version), Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_centraltendency.wasp/ > #Source of accompanying publication: Office for Research, Development, and Education > # > geomean <- function(x) { + return(exp(mean(log(x)))) + } > harmean <- function(x) { + return(1/mean(1/x)) + } > quamean <- function(x) { + return(sqrt(mean(x*x))) + } > winmean <- function(x) { + x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) + n<-length(x) + denom <- 3 + nodenom <- n/denom + if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40 + sqrtn = sqrt(n) + roundnodenom = floor(nodenom) + win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2)) + for (j in 1:roundnodenom) { + win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n + win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn + } + return(win) + } > trimean <- function(x) { + x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) + n<-length(x) + denom <- 3 + nodenom <- n/denom + if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40 + sqrtn = sqrt(n) + roundnodenom = floor(nodenom) + tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2)) + for (j in 1:roundnodenom) { + tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n) + tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2) + } + return(tri) + } > midrange <- function(x) { + return((max(x)+min(x))/2) + } > q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- n*p; + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1] + } > q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- (n+1)*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1] + } > q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- n*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + if (f==0) { + qvalue <- data[i] + } else { + qvalue <- data[i+1] + } + } > q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- n*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + if (f==0) { + qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2 + } else { + qvalue <- data[i+1] + } + } > q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- (n-1)*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + if (f==0) { + qvalue <- data[i+1] + } else { + qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1]) + } + } > q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- n*p+0.5 + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + qvalue <- data[i] + } > q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- (n+1)*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + if (f==0) { + qvalue <- data[i] + } else { + qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1] + } + } > q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) { + np <- (n+1)*p + i <<- floor(np) + f <<- np - i + if (f==0) { + qvalue <- data[i] + } else { + if (f == 0.5) { + qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2 + } else { + if (f < 0.5) { + qvalue <- data[i] + } else { + qvalue <- data[i+1] + } + } + } + } > midmean <- function(x,def) { + x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)]) + n<-length(x) + if (def==1) { + qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==2) { + qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==3) { + qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==4) { + qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==5) { + qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==6) { + qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==7) { + qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + if (def==8) { + qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f) + qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f) + } + midm <- 0 + myn <- 0 + roundno4 <- round(n/4) + round3no4 <- round(3*n/4) + for (i in 1:n) { + if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){ + midm = midm + x[i] + myn = myn + 1 + } + } + midm = midm / myn + return(midm) + } > (arm <- mean(x)) [1] 97.83764 > sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x)) > (armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn) [1] 0.8958094 > (armose <- arm / armse) [1] 109.217 > (geo <- geomean(x)) [1] 96.93329 > (har <- harmean(x)) [1] 96.00927 > (qua <- quamean(x)) [1] 98.71543 > (win <- winmean(x)) [,1] [,2] [1,] 97.83009 0.8938001 [2,] 97.83259 0.8932540 [3,] 97.80620 0.8828455 [4,] 97.80546 0.8826015 [5,] 97.78509 0.8779054 [6,] 97.77815 0.8747921 [7,] 97.75028 0.8677812 [8,] 97.72250 0.8640427 [9,] 97.74583 0.8572566 [10,] 97.72176 0.8535502 [11,] 97.70903 0.8454461 [12,] 97.64069 0.8373167 [13,] 97.66537 0.8304835 [14,] 97.63037 0.8233801 [15,] 97.62273 0.8174158 [16,] 97.62199 0.8159663 [17,] 97.62750 0.8132602 [18,] 97.61167 0.8117425 [19,] 97.60551 0.8111557 [20,] 97.62958 0.8074159 [21,] 97.62569 0.8019431 [22,] 97.62366 0.7978747 [23,] 97.64708 0.7886441 [24,] 97.65264 0.7854441 [25,] 97.60171 0.7765371 [26,] 97.57403 0.7731426 [27,] 97.56403 0.7684261 [28,] 97.44606 0.7580552 [29,] 97.45546 0.7553143 [30,] 97.44991 0.7499211 [31,] 97.45708 0.7489141 [32,] 97.44819 0.7470770 [33,] 97.44667 0.7458174 [34,] 97.45296 0.7413862 [35,] 97.45134 0.7346949 [36,] 97.41301 0.7309822 [37,] 97.40958 0.7254028 [38,] 97.40958 0.7206172 [39,] 97.41319 0.7186182 [40,] 97.54282 0.7009547 [41,] 97.58648 0.6942695 [42,] 97.62731 0.6888799 [43,] 97.71292 0.6721415 [44,] 97.72718 0.6696994 [45,] 97.82509 0.6585484 [46,] 97.79528 0.6502689 [47,] 97.79093 0.6465402 [48,] 97.80426 0.6433666 [49,] 97.79972 0.6422295 [50,] 97.84370 0.6341245 [51,] 97.83898 0.6333504 [52,] 97.87509 0.6275073 [53,] 97.81375 0.6210685 [54,] 97.77375 0.6154416 [55,] 97.77120 0.6122210 [56,] 97.86194 0.6015920 [57,] 97.85931 0.5960393 [58,] 97.89958 0.5859874 [59,] 98.16181 0.5597969 [60,] 98.24792 0.5478859 [61,] 98.29310 0.5367985 [62,] 98.25579 0.5310646 [63,] 98.34329 0.5189449 [64,] 98.70477 0.4839777 [65,] 98.81611 0.4660721 [66,] 98.84361 0.4151847 [67,] 98.89634 0.3983714 [68,] 98.82708 0.3905861 [69,] 98.98361 0.3731103 [70,] 99.03870 0.3502727 [71,] 99.05185 0.3471536 [72,] 99.21185 0.3234830 > (tri <- trimean(x)) [,1] [,2] [1,] 97.81407 0.8834154 [2,] 97.79774 0.8724219 [3,] 97.77981 0.8610734 [4,] 97.77067 0.8529474 [5,] 97.76155 0.8444072 [6,] 97.75657 0.8364627 [7,] 97.75272 0.8286634 [8,] 97.75310 0.8216259 [9,] 97.75727 0.8147419 [10,] 97.75867 0.8084013 [11,] 97.76278 0.8021452 [12,] 97.76828 0.7964797 [13,] 97.78037 0.7913672 [14,] 97.79053 0.7866456 [15,] 97.80382 0.7823160 [16,] 97.81799 0.7782526 [17,] 97.83253 0.7740236 [18,] 97.84700 0.7697244 [19,] 97.86287 0.7652335 [20,] 97.87949 0.7604542 [21,] 97.89500 0.7556278 [22,] 97.91110 0.7508756 [23,] 97.92771 0.7460768 [24,] 97.94339 0.7416175 [25,] 97.95916 0.7370422 [26,] 97.97799 0.7327485 [27,] 97.99870 0.7283383 [28,] 98.02044 0.7238937 [29,] 98.04848 0.7197771 [30,] 98.07679 0.7154878 [31,] 98.10610 0.7111877 [32,] 98.13586 0.7065679 [33,] 98.16680 0.7016529 [34,] 98.19865 0.6963772 [35,] 98.23110 0.6909305 [36,] 98.26451 0.6854461 [37,] 98.30049 0.6796921 [38,] 98.33764 0.6737820 [39,] 98.37587 0.6676414 [40,] 98.41507 0.6610495 [41,] 98.45022 0.6551219 [42,] 98.48470 0.6490904 [43,] 98.51862 0.6428473 [44,] 98.55023 0.6371898 [45,] 98.58230 0.6311134 [46,] 98.61161 0.6252340 [47,] 98.64303 0.6193021 [48,] 98.67567 0.6129845 [49,] 98.70890 0.6062043 [50,] 98.74345 0.5987448 [51,] 98.77754 0.5910935 [52,] 98.81304 0.5826187 [53,] 98.84845 0.5736552 [54,] 98.88750 0.5641297 [55,] 98.92953 0.5539065 [56,] 98.97327 0.5427024 [57,] 99.01529 0.5311339 [58,] 99.05910 0.5185948 [59,] 99.10316 0.5054176 [60,] 99.13906 0.4933112 [61,] 99.13906 0.4808254 [62,] 99.20707 0.4677870 [63,] 99.24389 0.4534545 [64,] 99.27898 0.4384479 [65,] 99.30151 0.4255256 [66,] 99.32071 0.4127884 [67,] 99.33976 0.4039704 [68,] 99.35762 0.3956728 [69,] 99.37923 0.3868623 [70,] 99.39553 0.3787547 [71,] 99.41041 0.3720048 [72,] 99.42556 0.3644147 > (midr <- midrange(x)) [1] 100.36 > midm <- array(NA,dim=8) > for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j) > midm [1] 98.76339 98.88750 98.76339 98.88750 98.88750 98.76339 98.88750 98.84845 > postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/104tf1392902822.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2] > ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2] > if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax)) > lines(ub,lty=3) > lines(lb,lty=3) > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > postscript(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/27pr21392902822.ps",horizontal=F,onefile=F,pagecentre=F,paper="special",width=8.3333333333333,height=5.5555555555556) > lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2] > ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2] > if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax)) > lines(ub,lty=3) > lines(lb,lty=3) > grid() > dev.off() null device 1 > > #Note: the /var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable file can be downloaded at http://www.wessa.net/cretab > load(file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/createtable") > > a<-table.start() > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,arm) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean')) > a<-table.element(a,armose) > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,geo) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,har) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,qua) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) { + a<-table.row.start(a) + mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j) + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/') + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1])) + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')') + a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE) + a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]) + a<-table.element(a,win[j,2]) + a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2]) + a<-table.row.end(a) + } > for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) { + a<-table.row.start(a) + mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j) + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/') + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1])) + mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')') + a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE) + a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]) + a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2]) + a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2]) + a<-table.row.end(a) + } > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,median(x)) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midr) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[1]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[2]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[3]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[4]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[5]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[6]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[7]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean') > mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ') > a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,midm[8]) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.row.start(a) > a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE) > a<-table.element(a,length(x)) > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.element(a,'') > a<-table.row.end(a) > a<-table.end(a) > table.save(a,file="/var/wessaorg/rcomp/tmp/3yunl1392902822.tab") > > try(system("convert tmp/104tf1392902822.ps tmp/104tf1392902822.png",intern=TRUE)) character(0) > try(system("convert tmp/27pr21392902822.ps tmp/27pr21392902822.png",intern=TRUE)) character(0) > > > proc.time() user system elapsed 2.672 0.586 3.256