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Author's title

Author

*The author of this computation has been verified*

R Software Module

rwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp

Title produced by software

Chi-Squared Test, McNemar Test, and Fisher Exact Test

Date of computation

Thu, 17 Nov 2011 08:13:21 -0500

Cite this page as follows

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2011/Nov/17/t1321535644kfq9ch8x63zwjoc.htm/, Retrieved Sat, 07 Feb 2026 03:14:07 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503, Retrieved Sat, 07 Feb 2026 03:14:07 +0000

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Original text written by user:

IsPrivate?

No (this computation is public)

User-defined keywords

Estimated Impact

427

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

-     [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [] [2010-11-16 15:19:44] [b98453cac15ba1066b407e146608df68]
- R       [Chi-Squared Test, McNemar Test, and Fisher Exact Test] [Association happi...] [2011-11-17 13:13:21] [4a884731c0d5b018eba30cab82c9416a] [Current]

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Dataseries X:

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Histogram

Boxplots

'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'	'LO'
'HI'	'LO'	'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'
'LO'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'
'HI'	'HI'	'LO'	'LO'	'LO'	'HI'

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Gertrude Mary Cox' @ cox.wessa.net
R Framework error message	The field 'Names of X columns' contains a hard return which cannot be interpreted. Please, resubmit your request without hard returns in the 'Names of X columns'.

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'Gertrude Mary Cox' @ cox.wessa.net \tabularnewline
R Framework error message & The field 'Names of X columns' contains a hard return which cannot be interpreted.
Please, resubmit your request without hard returns in the 'Names of X columns'. \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'Gertrude Mary Cox' @ cox.wessa.net[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Framework error message[/C][C]The field 'Names of X columns' contains a hard return which cannot be interpreted.
Please, resubmit your request without hard returns in the 'Names of X columns'.[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Gertrude Mary Cox' @ cox.wessa.net
R Framework error message	The field 'Names of X columns' contains a hard return which cannot be interpreted. Please, resubmit your request without hard returns in the 'Names of X columns'.

Tabulation of Results
Happiness x Connected
	HI	LO
HI	63	40
LO	34	25

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Happiness  x  Connected \tabularnewline
  & HI & LO \tabularnewline
HI & 63 & 40 \tabularnewline
LO & 34 & 25 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Happiness  x  Connected[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]HI[/C][C]LO[/C][/ROW]
[C]HI[/C][C]63[/C][C]40[/C][/ROW]
[C]LO[/C][C]34[/C][C]25[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Happiness x Connected
	HI	LO
HI	63	40
LO	34	25

Tabulation of Expected Results
Happiness x Connected
	HI	LO
HI	61.67	41.33
LO	35.33	23.67

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Happiness  x  Connected \tabularnewline
  & HI & LO \tabularnewline
HI & 61.67 & 41.33 \tabularnewline
LO & 35.33 & 23.67 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Happiness  x  Connected[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]HI[/C][C]LO[/C][/ROW]
[C]HI[/C][C]61.67[/C][C]41.33[/C][/ROW]
[C]LO[/C][C]35.33[/C][C]23.67[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Happiness x Connected
	HI	LO
HI	61.67	41.33
LO	35.33	23.67

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
Pearson Chi Square Statistic	0.08
Degrees of Freedom	1
P value	0.78

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction \tabularnewline
Pearson Chi Square Statistic & 0.08 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 1 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.78 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]0.08[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]1[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.78[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=144503&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
Pearson Chi Square Statistic	0.08
Degrees of Freedom	1
P value	0.78

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 5 ; par2 = 1 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 5 ; par2 = 1 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3=='Fisher Exact Test') {
(cst <- fisher.test(table1))
}
if ((par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') & (par3 != 'Fisher Exact Test')) {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
if (par3=='Pearson Chi-Squared') a<-table.element(a, 'Pearson Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
if (par3=='Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') a<-table.element(a, 'Exact Pearson Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
if (par3=='McNemar Chi-Squared') a<-table.element(a, 'McNemar Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
if (par3=='Fisher Exact Test') a<-table.element(a, 'Odds Ratio', 1, TRUE)
if (par3=='Fisher Exact Test') {
if ((ncol(table1) == 2) & (nrow(table1) == 2)) {
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$estimate, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
} else {
a<-table.element(a, '--', 1,FALSE)
}
} else {
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
if(par3!='Fisher Exact Test') {
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

Free Statistics

Description of Statistical Computation

Tree of Dependent Computations

Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code