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R Software Module

rwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp

Title produced by software

Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests

Date of computation

Tue, 16 Nov 2010 19:26:41 +0000

Cite this page as follows

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/16/t1289935638xu5rucw4cc0fqtn.htm/, Retrieved Sun, 09 Nov 2025 01:14:27 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322, Retrieved Sun, 09 Nov 2025 01:14:27 +0000

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No (this computation is public)

User-defined keywords

Estimated Impact

320

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

-     [Univariate Explorative Data Analysis] [Turnover company A] [2010-11-02 11:53:41] [b98453cac15ba1066b407e146608df68]
- RMPD  [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [Chi-Squared 1. Ha...] [2010-11-14 15:50:44] [19f9551d4d95750ef21e9f3cf8fe2131]
F    D    [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [Chi-squared test ...] [2010-11-16 16:54:56] [8ec018d7298e4a3ae278d8b7199e08b6]
F    D        [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [Chi-squared test ...] [2010-11-16 19:26:41] [0dbff7218d83c9f93b81320e51e185be] [Current]

Feedback Forum

2010-11-23 06:31:49 [f0479c8ad85b1406c7a3120008048c58] [reply] 
http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/16/t1289920560374libzvlt44mnq.htm/ 
 
P-value = 0,99 
Dit betekent dat we de nulhypothese moeten aanvaarden en dat er geen samenhang (significant verschil) is tussen depression - separate. 
2010-11-23 07:42:10 [411b43619fc9db329bbcdbf7261c55fb] [reply] 
Hier merkt de student correct op dat er een verband bestaat tussen de gegevens (door de hoge p-waarde van 0,75) Dus dit heeft hij vanuit zijn gegevens goed geïnterpreteerd. Maar een verdere bespreking van de gegevens geeft hij niet. 
 
De student had deze gegevens beter apart bekeken (ik bedoel hiermee voor zowel Depression als Seperate dezelfde klasse indeling gebruiken om te vergelijken) 
 
Daarom geef ik de student mijn berekeningen mee, om te kunnen vergelijken. (bekijk http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/20/t1290249860riy0t2iiiij5pzr.htm/  voor A/B/C/D) Hier zien we dat de cell count OK is, daarom gebruiken we zowel de “Pearson Chi-squared test” als de “Exact Pearson Chi-squared by simulation” gebruiken. Als we hier kijken naar de p-waarde (tabel “Statistical Results”) dan zien we dat deze veel hoger is dan de vooropgestelde type 1 fout (5%), namelijk 90%. Bijgevolg is er hier geen verband tussen de reële en verwachte waarde.  
 
Ter controle, gaan we ook nog even de vergelijking maken op basis van de groffe indeling HI/LO. (bekijk http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/20/t1290248468x7dhj4ijb5wtopl.htm/ berekening met “Pearson Chi-squared test”) Als we hier kijken naar de p-waarde (tabel “Statiscal Results”) dan zien we dat deze hoger ligt dan de vooropgestelde type 1 fout (5%), namelijk 99%. Bijgevolg kunnen we met vrij grote zekerheid stellen dat de vastgestelde verschillen hier volledig toevallig zijn. 
2010-11-23 07:56:01 [Stefanie Van Esbroeck] [reply] 
Je maakt ook hier een verkeerde berekening. Net als bij de vorige berekening heb je de data van de verfijnde oplossing en de grove oplossing door elkaar gebruikt. Dus ook hier enkel Hi/LO ingeven of enkel A,B,C,D. Om zo een duidelijk verband te onderzoeken. Hieronder kun je een goede berekening van een grove oplossing terugvinden:  
http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/19/t1290163724jfsbxhbr2wgqf6v.htm/ 
 
Hieronder vind je dan een goede berekening van de verfijnde oplossing terug: 
http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/19/t1290163543dyjp7dmkup3n9pf.htm/ 
 
Je vormt wel een correcte conclusie. Om je conclusie te vormen, kijk je wel enkel naar de p-waarde. Je had je conclusie meer kunnen motiveren door ook naar de grafiek te kijken. Je bekijkt eerst de kleur van de blokken, die hebben allemaal een grijze kleur. Dit wijst erop dat de cellen onderling geen significante verschillen vertonen. Daarna bekijk je de hoofddiagonaal, daar zie je dat de blokken allemaal naar boven wijzen. Dan kijken we naar de andere diagonaal Hier zie je dat de blokken allemaal beneden de stippellijn liggen. De twee diagonalen spreken elkaar tegen en dus kunnen we stellen dat er een verband bestaat en omdat de hoofddiagonaal positief is ( alle blokken wijzen naar boven, is dit een positief verband). Maar omdat de cellen onderling significant verschillen kunnen we eigenlijk zeggen dat er geen verband bestaat. 

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Dataseries X:

Download CSV

Histogram

Boxplots

'B'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'LO'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'B'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'C'	'LO'
'D'	'LO'
'D'	'HI'
'C'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'C'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'B'	'LO'
'C'	'LO'
'B'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'C'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'D'	'HI'
'B'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'C'	'HI'
'D'	'LO'
'A'	'HI'
'A'	'HI'

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'George Udny Yule' @ 72.249.76.132

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'George Udny Yule' @ 72.249.76.132 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'George Udny Yule' @ 72.249.76.132[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'George Udny Yule' @ 72.249.76.132

Tabulation of Results
Depression x Separate
	HI	LO
A	31	29
B	25	15
C	15	13
D	19	15

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Depression  x  Separate \tabularnewline
  & HI & LO \tabularnewline
A & 31 & 29 \tabularnewline
B & 25 & 15 \tabularnewline
C & 15 & 13 \tabularnewline
D & 19 & 15 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Depression  x  Separate[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]HI[/C][C]LO[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]31[/C][C]29[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]25[/C][C]15[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]15[/C][C]13[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]19[/C][C]15[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Depression x Separate
	HI	LO
A	31	29
B	25	15
C	15	13
D	19	15

Tabulation of Expected Results
Depression x Separate
	HI	LO
A	33.33	26.67
B	22.22	17.78
C	15.56	12.44
D	18.89	15.11

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Depression  x  Separate \tabularnewline
  & HI & LO \tabularnewline
A & 33.33 & 26.67 \tabularnewline
B & 22.22 & 17.78 \tabularnewline
C & 15.56 & 12.44 \tabularnewline
D & 18.89 & 15.11 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Depression  x  Separate[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]HI[/C][C]LO[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]33.33[/C][C]26.67[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]22.22[/C][C]17.78[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]15.56[/C][C]12.44[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]18.89[/C][C]15.11[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Depression x Separate
	HI	LO
A	33.33	26.67
B	22.22	17.78
C	15.56	12.44
D	18.89	15.11

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	1.19
Degrees of Freedom	3
P value	0.75

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test \tabularnewline
Chi Square Statistic & 1.19 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 3 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.75 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]1.19[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]3[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.75[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=96322&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	1.19
Degrees of Freedom	3
P value	0.75

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

Free Statistics

Description of Statistical Computation

Tree of Dependent Computations

Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code