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R Software Module

rwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp

Title produced by software

Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests

Date of computation

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 09:49:58 +0000

Cite this page as follows

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/15/t1289814587oi2ekffytzhb4fh.htm/, Retrieved Sun, 28 Apr 2024 10:10:38 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721, Retrieved Sun, 28 Apr 2024 10:10:38 +0000

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User-defined keywords

Estimated Impact

197

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

F       [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [WS6 Chi 1-2] [2010-11-15 09:49:58] [3ee4962e6ce79244b15c133e74cea133] [Current]

Feedback Forum

2010-11-19 16:14:34 [] [reply] 
Algemene opmerking: Als je de Chi-squared test uitvoert is er blijkbaar een bijkomende voorwaarde, namelijk de minimum cell count moet gelijk zijn aan 5. In de berekening zie je in de tabel van de berekeningen of er al dan niet lage cell-counts zijn. Indien er lage cell-counts zijn, moet je een speciale type van Chi-squared test gebruiken, namelijk deze met een gesimuleerde p-value. Dit is een simulatietechniek die ook toepasbaar is voor lage cell-counts
2010-11-19 16:15:00 [] [reply] 
In de tabel van de berekeningen zie je lage cell counts (namelijk kleiner dan 5). Dus Chi-Squared test gebruiken met gesimuleerde p-value. Zo kom je een p-value van 1% uit. En kunnen we concluderen dat er inderdaad een duidelijk verband is tussen beiden. Als je in de grafiek kijkt naar de hoofddiagonaal, zie je ook duidelijk dat de afwijkingen naar boven wijzen, dus we kunnen spreken over een positief verband. Hoe hoger de connected leerattitude, hoe hoger de separate leerattitude. 
Het is ook mogelijk om dit te berekenen bij de 2 onderverdelingen, namelijk high en low. Ook dan zie je een sterk positief verband tussen de 2 leerattitudes. 
2010-11-22 18:42:13 [Andries Achten] [reply] 
Je moet hier inderdaad de Chi-squared test met een gesimuleerde p-waarde toepassen. Deze is toepasbaar voor als er een lage cell-count is (kleiner dan 5).  
 

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'A'	'C'	'A'	'C'
'D'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'B'
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'C'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'B'	'B'
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'A'	'C'	'B'	'D'
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'C'	'B'	'B'	'C'
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'C'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'C'
'A'	'C'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'D'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'C'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'B'
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'C'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'A'
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'C'	'D'	'B'	'A'
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'A'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'D'	'B'	'C'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'D'	'C'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'C'	'C'
'C'	'C'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'B'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'C'
'D'	'C'	'C'	'C'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'C'	'C'	'C'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'A'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'C'
'D'	'B'	'C'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'D'	'B'	'A'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'	'A'	'C'
'C'	'D'	'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'D'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'C'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'A'	'D'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'D'	'C'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'C'	'A'

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24

Tabulation of Results
Connected x Separate
	A	B	C	D
A	22	14	11	7
B	13	13	11	6
C	8	10	10	9
D	1	9	6	12

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Connected  x  Separate \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 22 & 14 & 11 & 7 \tabularnewline
B & 13 & 13 & 11 & 6 \tabularnewline
C & 8 & 10 & 10 & 9 \tabularnewline
D & 1 & 9 & 6 & 12 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Connected  x  Separate[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]22[/C][C]14[/C][C]11[/C][C]7[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]13[/C][C]13[/C][C]11[/C][C]6[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]8[/C][C]10[/C][C]10[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]1[/C][C]9[/C][C]6[/C][C]12[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Connected x Separate
	A	B	C	D
A	22	14	11	7
B	13	13	11	6
C	8	10	10	9
D	1	9	6	12

Tabulation of Expected Results
Connected x Separate
	A	B	C	D
A	14.67	15.33	12.67	11.33
B	11.68	12.21	10.09	9.02
C	10.05	10.51	8.68	7.77
D	7.6	7.95	6.57	5.88

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Connected  x  Separate \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 14.67 & 15.33 & 12.67 & 11.33 \tabularnewline
B & 11.68 & 12.21 & 10.09 & 9.02 \tabularnewline
C & 10.05 & 10.51 & 8.68 & 7.77 \tabularnewline
D & 7.6 & 7.95 & 6.57 & 5.88 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Connected  x  Separate[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]14.67[/C][C]15.33[/C][C]12.67[/C][C]11.33[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]11.68[/C][C]12.21[/C][C]10.09[/C][C]9.02[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]10.05[/C][C]10.51[/C][C]8.68[/C][C]7.77[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]7.6[/C][C]7.95[/C][C]6.57[/C][C]5.88[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Connected x Separate
	A	B	C	D
A	14.67	15.33	12.67	11.33
B	11.68	12.21	10.09	9.02
C	10.05	10.51	8.68	7.77
D	7.6	7.95	6.57	5.88

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	20.1
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.02

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test \tabularnewline
Chi Square Statistic & 20.1 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 9 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.02 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]20.1[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.02[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94721&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	20.1
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.02

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

Free Statistics

Description of Statistical Computation

Tree of Dependent Computations

Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code