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R Software Module

rwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp

Title produced by software

Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests

Date of computation

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 14:07:39 +0000

Cite this page as follows

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/15/t1289830030elxqhcd17t4ewq8.htm/, Retrieved Sun, 28 Apr 2024 15:31:04 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843, Retrieved Sun, 28 Apr 2024 15:31:04 +0000

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IsPrivate?

No (this computation is public)

User-defined keywords

Estimated Impact

191

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

F     [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [] [2010-11-15 13:46:28] [dd4fe494cff2ee46c12b15bdc7b848ca]
F    D  [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [] [2010-11-15 13:59:06] [dd4fe494cff2ee46c12b15bdc7b848ca]
F    D      [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [] [2010-11-15 14:07:39] [6c31f786e793d35ef3a03978bc5de774] [Current]
F    D        [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [] [2010-11-15 14:10:29] [dd4fe494cff2ee46c12b15bdc7b848ca] 

Feedback Forum

2010-11-20 08:47:25 [] [reply] 
Er is hier wel een verband tussen separate en happiness. Uit de hoofddiagonaal kan je positieve verschillen afleiden. Dus er bestaat een positief verband tussen happiness en seperate leerattitude. De p-value is laag, dus verband is significant. 
Ook kunnen we dit afleiden uit de berekening bij 2 onderverdelingen (high-low). De p-value is 0.02, dus er is een significant verband. Studenten die aangegeven hebben een separate leerattitude te hebben, zijn blijer. 
2010-11-20 15:35:52 [48eb36e2c01435ad7e4ea7854a9d98fe] [reply] 
Opnieuw blijkt de cell count te laag (kleiner dan 5) waardoor we ofwel moeten werken met de 'Pearson's Chi-squared test with simulated p-value' (http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Nov/16/t1289918291f0b9suod9crkrtg.htm/) ofwel met de reeksen high en low (http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Nov/16/t1289920810cv0244sqnedyw65.htm/) 
 
In het eerste geval is de P waarde 0,06 en zouden we misschien een verband kunnen vermoeden. In het tweede geval is de P waarde 0,02 en kunnen we met zekerheid spreken van een verband.  
 
Zoals reeds gezegd door de andere student gaat het inderdaad om een positief verband, dit is af te leiden uit de associatie plot. Wel is het belangrijk op te merken dat dit niet betekent dat er een causaal verband bestaat tussen beiden.

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Dataseries X:

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Histogram

Boxplots

'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'A'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'C'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'C'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'C'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'C'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'C'
'C'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'A'
'A'	'A'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'C'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'C'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'C'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'C'

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher' @ 193.190.124.24

Tabulation of Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	13	23	2	6
B	12	17	3	14
C	10	8	9	11
D	8	12	5	9

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Separate  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 13 & 23 & 2 & 6 \tabularnewline
B & 12 & 17 & 3 & 14 \tabularnewline
C & 10 & 8 & 9 & 11 \tabularnewline
D & 8 & 12 & 5 & 9 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Separate  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]13[/C][C]23[/C][C]2[/C][C]6[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]12[/C][C]17[/C][C]3[/C][C]14[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]10[/C][C]8[/C][C]9[/C][C]11[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]8[/C][C]12[/C][C]5[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	13	23	2	6
B	12	17	3	14
C	10	8	9	11
D	8	12	5	9

Tabulation of Expected Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	11.68	16.3	5.16	10.86
B	12.21	17.04	5.4	11.36
C	10.09	14.07	4.46	9.38
D	9.02	12.59	3.99	8.4

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Separate  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 11.68 & 16.3 & 5.16 & 10.86 \tabularnewline
B & 12.21 & 17.04 & 5.4 & 11.36 \tabularnewline
C & 10.09 & 14.07 & 4.46 & 9.38 \tabularnewline
D & 9.02 & 12.59 & 3.99 & 8.4 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Separate  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]11.68[/C][C]16.3[/C][C]5.16[/C][C]10.86[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]12.21[/C][C]17.04[/C][C]5.4[/C][C]11.36[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]10.09[/C][C]14.07[/C][C]4.46[/C][C]9.38[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]9.02[/C][C]12.59[/C][C]3.99[/C][C]8.4[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	11.68	16.3	5.16	10.86
B	12.21	17.04	5.4	11.36
C	10.09	14.07	4.46	9.38
D	9.02	12.59	3.99	8.4

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	16.68
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.05

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test \tabularnewline
Chi Square Statistic & 16.68 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 9 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.05 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]16.68[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.05[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94843&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	16.68
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.05

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

Free Statistics

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Tree of Dependent Computations

Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code